Abstract: Using the records and expressions found in Manchu and Mongolian archives， this articles examines the understanding of the newly established Qing Dynasty in the eyes of Manchus，Mongolians，Tibetans，Russian and other Central Asians at the time of the early Qing Dynasty. The author further investigates the perception of the Qing Dynasty’s national identity from the perspective of these ethnic groups and countries. The investigation of “non?Han” archives demonstrates that the “view of China” these “others” held was essentially the same as the view scholars have discovered in their research using official Chinese literature.