关键词: 新疆建省, 边疆治理, 陕甘总督, 甘肃新疆巡抚, 治理体制改革

Abstract: During the reigns of Tongzhi and Guangxu, Xinjiang suffered social unrest, and the officers and soldiers stationed in the Manchu Garrison and their families suffered serious losses. After the recovery of Xinjiang, the Qing government decided to establish Xinjiang Province and to adjust the administrative, economic, and military systems in Xinjiang, including resettling the surviving Manchu Garrison soldiers and their families in Balikun and Urumqi. In the end, the officers, and soldiers of Gucheng were transferred from the jurisdiction of Yili, and placed under the Xinjiang Governor of Gansu Province. The choice of moving places, the banner system, the payment of taxes, and the dispute over military command, reflected the complicated process of reforming the military system during the establishment of Xinjiang Province in the late Qing Dynasty. This was not only an important aspect of the reform of the military system in Xinjiang, but also one of the consequences of the transformation of Xinjiang’s local governance in the late Qing Dynasty.