Abstract: This paper discusses the relationship between the human and the natural environment in the agricultural activities in the period of Qianlong Reign. In the first part, the author describes the natural environment and the nomadic cultural landscape before 1757, which is the basis to understand the agricultural development in the following time. In the second part, the author studies how the farming people from the inner land of China understood this piece of land, how the farming activities began, and how the cultivation technology imported from the inner land had to be changed according to the local natural conditions. In the end, the author points out the main changes of the landscape were the appearance of a great number of agricultural settlements and large tracts of farmland in the oasis at the end of the Qianlong reign.