Abstract: This article discusses the role of the bureaucratic apparatus of the Beiyang Army and the activities of merchants and commercial organizations,and their impact on the social reconstruction of Zhili after the Yihetuan Movement.The article argues that political factors played a relatively more important role in the social transformation of Zhili than in other places.The author also evaluates Yuan Shikai and his policies under the Late Qing Reform.

摘要： 本文分别探讨了义和团运动后北洋官僚集团和商人组织在直隶社会重建中的活动、社会角色、作用和社会影响，指出政治因素在近代直隶社会的变迁中起了比其他地区更为重要的作用。作者还对袁世凯与北洋新政作了评价。