Abstract: This article explores the alternative subjective formation of Chinese women in the late Qing and early Republican eras with an emphasis on one neologism women`s world ( nujie).When women s world first appeared around 1902，it witnessed a narrowing process of its definition from a loosely established community that admitted anyone，whether men or women，with progressive concerns about women`s rights，to a strictly confined world for women and women only．As a consequence，men`s world(nanjie) was produced specifically as the antonym of women s world．Meanwhile，under the influence of the political theory on grouping in modern China，women`s world also qualified Chinese women as active participants in the state building process，in parallel with other worlds in the society.However，when women`s world became too radical and pursued women s rights beyond the nationalist limit，it was immediately mocked and distorted as the naturalized ally of prostitutes world ( jijie) .Women`s world was probably a word for all，but not a world for all．

摘要： 本文以晚清出现的新词汇“女界”为切入点,探讨近代中国女性在国家民族话语、男女性别关系和中国传统精英文化等脉络互动中形成的身份建构和认同。“女界”可由两条线索进行展开:一方面,对女界的界定可视为自晚清出现的新女性运用自己的文字、出版和言论资源优势,主动地以否定“男界”(此时期另一新名词)之形式,建构起一个以单一生理性别为基础、具有普遍姊妹情谊的理想世界,试图在传统中国女性以家庭角色为身份认同方式之外另立选择。另一方面,“女界”的形成亦受到晚清以来自西方引介入中国的“群治”思想影响。在这一框架中,国家民族被想象为由不同“群”或者“界”——如政界、军界、商界、绅界或者学界等——组成的政治共同体。女界试图以“界”的身份,与上述各界平权并立,共同参与到对国家民族的建构中来。但是,这一美愿却又遭到诸如妓界之挑战。女界不顾前之所言的那种普遍姊妹情谊,坚决与妓界划清界限,强调二界在历史和现实中的本质之别。正是在这样的不断扞格之中,女界之大同理想终成幻想。