Abstract: In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, although the establishment of the Tea-horse Trade was preserved and the Tea-horse Trade Bureau (Chama si) continued to be maintained. But the nature of the trade changed. A series of systems related to the “to control the Tibetans with tea” (yicha yufan) strategy were not established in time. The smuggling trade of tea and horses provided a channel for buying horses privately with silver. The tea which stored in the storeroom was no longer used as a fixed trading material for horses, and people increasingly bought horses with silver. As a result, the tea and horse administrations were gradually separated.

摘要： 清朝前期在陕甘边地继续维持着茶马司的建置并实行“招番中马”制度，但是由于诸多因素的共同作用，该制度此时已发生了较大的变革。“中马”基本成为当时番汉互动、朝廷维持对“西番”统治的最主要途径，清朝也据此重构了该地以土司为中心的治理制度。另外，清朝试图将“西番”马匹置于全国范围内进行调配，再加上官军、商民出于贩卖、采买的目的不断向“番族”购买马匹，客观上都将“番马”、茶叶推向了一个较为自由的交易市场，最终导致茶马司失去了其该有的垄断地位。

关键词: 清代马政, 陕甘边地, 招番中马, 茶马司