Abstract: During the reigns of Tongzhi and Guangxu, Xinjiang suffered social unrest, and the officers and soldiers stationed in the Manchu Garrison and their families suffered serious losses. After the recovery of Xinjiang, the Qing government decided to establish Xinjiang Province and to adjust the administrative, economic, and military systems in Xinjiang, including resettling the surviving Manchu Garrison soldiers and their families in Balikun and Urumqi. In the end, the officers, and soldiers of Gucheng were transferred from the jurisdiction of Yili, and placed under the Xinjiang Governor of Gansu Province. The choice of moving places, the banner system, the payment of taxes, and the dispute over military command, reflected the complicated process of reforming the military system during the establishment of Xinjiang Province in the late Qing Dynasty. This was not only an important aspect of the reform of the military system in Xinjiang, but also one of the consequences of the transformation of Xinjiang’s local governance in the late Qing Dynasty.

摘要： 同治光绪年间，新疆社会动乱，驻防满营官兵及家属损失严重。收复新疆后，清政府决定调整治理体制，新疆建省并改革军制，确定将巴里坤与乌鲁木齐两处满营官兵及家属全部移驻古城，设古城城守尉，下辖六旗，不再隶属伊犁将军，改属甘肃新疆巡抚。迁移地选择、旗制、饷银及军事指挥权之争，切实反映了晚清新疆建省期间军制改革的复杂历程。这不仅是新疆建省期间新疆军制改革的重要内容，也是晚清新疆地方治理体制向内地化转变的内涵之一。

关键词: 新疆建省, 边疆治理, 陕甘总督, 甘肃新疆巡抚, 治理体制改革