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15 May 2012, Volume 0 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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The Renewal of the Multi-National State Tradition and the Dilemma of Republican Politics: Re-examining the Last Qing Emperor's Imperial Edicts of Abdicatio ZHANG Yongle 2012, 0(2): 1-007.  Abstract ( )   PDF (286KB) ( )   On February 12,1912,the Qing emperor issued a series of imperial edicts to arrange his abdication, to confer the transfer of sovereignty from the emperorship to the new republic, and to grant Yuan Shikai the full power to organize a provisional republican government. These imperial edicts demonstrated that Republic of China inherited the whole territory of the Qing empire and they played a significant role in constructing a multi-national“Chinese nationality.” But these edicts and the following unification of the North and the South failed to build a solid foundation for republican politics and even caused controversy over legitimacy in the early Republic period. Thus, it can hardly be successful to find a constitutionalism tradition in China like the one originated from the British“glorious revolution” Related Articles | Metrics

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Ethnical Identity or Political Identity: Shengyun's Political Activities around the Fall of the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Yongjiang 2012, 0(2): 8-25.  Abstract ( )   PDF (613KB) ( )   Based on the documents relevant to Shengyun, this article probes Shengyun's bannership and narrates his Experiences. From the perspectives of ethnical consciousness and national identity, this article explores the important activities of Shengyun after the 1911 Revolution, such as leaving for Kulun, seeking help from Mongolia and Russia, writing to Janpanese government and visiting Japan, working for restoring of the Qing. The author argues that Shengyun originally attempted to take advantage of his ethnical status of Chahar Mongolian to gain support from the tribe leaders from the inner and outer Mongolia. He failed because his ethnical identity was not based on culture and common emotion but on the aim and need to restore the old Qing regime. His activities proved that although Mongolian bannermen had the Mongolian origin, they were not culturally or emotionally different from the Manchu bannermen after living together for more than two hundred years. In order to restore the Qing, Shengyun even resorted to the foreign countries．His practice was not for his personal fame or interests, but for his political aim, even though this was against the historical tendency. For him, the consciouness of ethnical and regional identity is subject to that of political and cultural identity．   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Judicial Practice in the Basic Level of the Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of the Su Lawsuit ZHENG Xiaochun 2012, 0(2): 26-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (371KB) ( )   The process of the mutual accusations in the Su case in 1727 was reconstructed in great detail．The mediation and the judicial process in which county school heads and sub-magistrates played a role in handling cases and that prefects rejected appeals，were very evident．The Su case indicated that many factors restricted mediation, that the judicial system in the basic level on the book was different from its practice, and that judges' legal knowledge greatly impacted on their final judgments． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Titles of the Circuit Intendants in the Qing Dynasty ZHOU Yongjin 2012, 0(2): 36-42.  Abstract ( )   PDF (288KB) ( )   Circuit intendants ( Dao) originated from vice financial commissioners and provincial judges in the Ming dynasty. The circuit was not so independent in its early stage. The circuit intendants worked as inspectors in certain areas with concurrent titles like financial commissioners and the provincial judges. The Qing dynasty inherited the Dao institution from the Ming dynasty, and each Dao had its own titles and ranks. With the development of the Dao institution, its status and function were gradually fixed up. As a result, the Qing court set the rank of circuit intedants as 4 and removed their concurrent titles in 1753. Henceforth, Circuit intendants became an independent position from vice financial commissioners and provincial judges． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Qing's Attitude toward Japan before 1644 XUE Ming 2012, 0(2): 43-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (436KB) ( )   Around 1644, the Qing court tried to place Japan under the Tributary system but Japan refused. Different from the Yuan dynasty, the Qing court did not invade Japan, Before the modern era, the Qing empire only maintained a nongovernmental business relationship with Japan in Nagasaki, andJapan was outside of the Tributary system. Before 1644, the Qing court collected information about Japan through Korea. And based on the information, the Qing court formed a pragmatic attitude toward Japan. This attitude accounted for the Sino-Japanese relation before 1874． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relations of Qing and Japan in History Textbooks of Japanese Middle School YANG Biao 2012, 0(2): 55-62.  Abstract ( )   PDF (310KB) ( )   The history textbooks of Japanese middle school involve several major themes of the evolution of the relations of Qing and Japan. The historical facts emphasize the course of Japan's striving for the developments by herself and the track of increasingly decline of China, and thus leading to the transformation of the modern relations of China and Japan. The modern Chinese history was represented as the background to comprehend the modern Japanese history in the textbooks. Indeed, this approach to deal with the relations of Qing and Japan is the reflection of Japanese viewpoints on China． Related Articles | Metrics

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Vietnam Envoys and Sino-Vietnam Suzerain-vassal Relation in the Qing Dynasty CHEN Guobao 2012, 0(2): 63-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )   The suzerain-vassal relation between China and Vietnam lasted from 1667 to 1885. During the 200 years, as a tributary state of China, Vietnam formally respected China as a superior sovereign．But in reality, it adopted a diplomatic policy of“inside as a monarch and outside as a vassal.” This policy was designed to gain more national interest and to win a more“equal”status with China. Hence, every time when Vietnam paid tribute to China, the Vietnam court always fully prepared for the mission, especially the envoys. Those envoys fully understood Confucian Teachings. As diplomatic specialists，they cautiously behaved in order to maintain good relations with the Heavenly Dynasty. However, they also racked their brains to place Vietnam under an equal position with China. They played an important role in keeping a stable relation between the two countries． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Siku Quanshu and the Literary Trends in the Late Joseon Dynasty CHEN Bingbing 2012, 0(2): 76-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (238KB) ( )   In order to consolidate its power, the Qing court compiled the largest imperially commissioned collection of books——the Siku Quanshu, which greatly impacted on scholarship and culture and contributed to preservation and dissemination of books in China. Meanwhile, the Siku Quanshu also influenced the literary field and played a key role in reforming the literary style and developing literature in the late Joseon dynasty． Related Articles | Metrics

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Can Loans Save China?——Zheng Xiaoxu's Viewpoints on the Railway Foreign Debt MA Linghe 2012, 0(2): 81-90.  Abstract ( )   PDF (385KB) ( )   The fact that internal affairs, diplomacy and foreign debt intertwined was a characteristic in modern China. This feature made it possible to use nationalism in a strategic and utilitarian way. The notion of borrowing debt to save the country originated from the northeast railway foreign debt negotiation, and it originally aimed to achieve balance among the Western Powers．In the constitutional movement at the closing years of the Qing Dynasty，it also extended into the internal affairs and became the driving force of public opinions for the petition of the Congress, and was one stimulus for the state-owned policy for the key railways. Zheng Xiaoxu played a unique role in it. Zheng's experience and ideas not only fully indicated the dilemma between utilizing the foreign investment and maintaining the national interests in modern China, but also revealed the political characteristic of the Constitutionalist group． Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire Disaster of the City along the Yangzi River in Anhui and Its Control Mechanism During the Late Qing: A Case Study of Treaty Port of Wuhu ZHANG Xiangwen 2012, 0(2): 91-98.  Abstract ( )   PDF (390KB) ( )   During 35 years after open to foreign trade in the late Qing，Wuhu witnessed the rapid increase in population,building and urban areas. Meanwhile, it also faced unprecedented fire disaster risk，causing heavy losses of lives and property.Fire disaster became a major impediment to the economic and social development in Wuhu.The causesof the fire disaster of Wuhu included both natural and social factors,and the latter was the primary factor.In face of the fire disaster,Wuhu government and civil society had positive attitude,they adopted various measures, and madesome achievements, but there were also many problems. The case of Wuhu provides a reference to fire-fighting in present cities． Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Book of Manzhou Shilu YANG Yongjun 2012, 0(2): 99-111.  Abstract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )   The Manzhou Shilu ( Chronological Records of Manchu) is an official book that records the origin of the Manchu ancestors and Nurhaci's deeds.This article discusses the origin of the precursor of the Manzhou Shilu———the Taizu Shilu Zhantu and its relationship with the Taizu Shilu.It clarifies that the Taizu Shilu Zhantu is not Manzhou Shilu and demonstrates that the first six of the eighty-three pictures were drawn during the Qianlong reign. Furthermore, the eight volumes of the Shilu mentioned in a poem composed by Emperor Qianlong actually referred to the Taizu Shilu Zhantu, not to Manzhou Shilu as the previous scholars argued．Given the above evidence，this article argues that the Manzhou Shilu is a forged book and that Emperor Qianlong himself took a role in the forgery process. This article also discusses the motivation of the forgery and the historical value of the Manchou Shilu． Related Articles | Metrics

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Title of Darhan in the Early Qing Dynasty HA Sibagen 2012, 0(2): 112-115.  Abstract ( )   PDF (209KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Capturing Battle at Yifeng of Nanjing by Taiping Rebels DENG Pan 2012, 0(2): 116-123.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1094KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Addendum to Young Hu Shi’s Activities in Shanghai ZHANG Zhongmin 2012, 0(2): 124-129.  Abstract ( )   PDF (273KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Speech on the Eighth Session of the National Committee for the Compilation of Qing History Cai Wu 2012, 0(2): 130-135.  Abstract ( )   PDF (246KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Speech on the Eighth Session of the National Committee for the Compilation of Qing Dynasty LI Hongfeng 2012, 0(2): 136-139.  Abstract ( )   PDF (193KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Shunhui’s viewpoints on the rectifying of the “Bibliography” amd “Biographies of the Confucians” in The Qing Draft History LEI Ping 2012, 0(2): 140-145.  Abstract ( )   PDF (270KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Jinshen lu of the Qing Dynasty HAN Hongliu 2012, 0(2): 146-149.  Abstract ( )   PDF (208KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of The Boxers, and the World YAO Bin 2012, 0(2): 150-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (284KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics