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15 February 2012, Volume 0 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Evolution of Peking’s Residential Pattern and Its Social Dynamic in the Qing Dynasty GUO Songyi 2012, 0(1): 1-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   I have been curious about the documented rules that the Manchu conquerors forced Han Chinese officials and merchants in the inner city of the capital to move out in the early Qing dynasty. It seems almost impossible and too risky under the given situation that the Qing rulers would drive out a population about 6 to 7 hundred thousand in a limited period. However the historical documents indicate this rule had been severely carried out，forming the residential pattern of the Qing Peking: a Manchurian inner city attached with an outer city of Han officials and merchants. But a closer research into history of it also suggests that this segregation rule did not last very long. The article will demonstrate how the Han officials and merchants returned to the inner city afterward and when a mixing residential pattern was formed. It also unravels materials suggesting that the Manchu residents in the inner city constantly moved outside in the same period． Related Articles | Metrics

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Shang Ke-xi Families’ Banner Membership and Spouse Network: A Perspective of Manchu-Han Ethic Relationship XI GuLiangFu；ZhangYongjiang 2012, 0(1): 14-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (352KB) ( )    This article examines the role played by the Han-Jun Banner Men in the Manchu-Han ethnic relationship in the Qing dynasty through a detailed study of Shang Ke-xi families' entry into the Han-Jun Banner. Interesting findings of this article include: (1) Shang, one of the three entitled Princes in the Southwest China in the early Qing, was not a “Qi-ren”or Banner Man himself. Shang's families' entry into the Han-Jun Banner was after the 22nd year of the Kangxi’s Reign. The Shangs first entry into the Yellow Banner was transferred into the Bordered Blue Banner in the early Yongzheng’s Reign. (2) Shang Ke-xi never joined the Banner in his lifetime，but he was an entitled Prince，enjoying privilege above ordinary Banner Men，thus commanding both Banner and Han armies. (3) Shang's children’s spouses in the early Qing also indicate this perplexed ethnic relationship: the Shangs seemed to prefer to marry more local elites than the Banner Men to consolidate their power． Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Commercial Information Network and the Social Control of the Qing State:a Pseudo-memorial Case in the Qianlong’s Reign   LIU Wenpeng 2012, 0(1): 22-31.  Abstract ( )   PDF (115KB) ( )       Historians have long considered the pseudo-Sun Jiagan Memorial case as one of the most important literary inquisition cases. This paper investigates the ways in which the pseudo-drafts were circulated in the society when the Qing dynasty was approaching its most prosperous times. Merchants from a variety of social strata served as the main distributors in the circulation of the pseudo-drafts. They acquired information through the guilds in the commercial centers and further disseminated the drafts to a wide range of locales. At the same time, commoners in the local society expressed their discontent with the Qing rule and displayed their political and cultural mentality through spreading the pseudo-drafts. The commercial information circulation weakened the state power，rendering the seemingly powerful and efficient provincial governors incompetent in their investigation of the pseudo-drafts case, and the emperor could not do anything to help.   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Tibet policy of the Qing Dynasty YANG Shu, CAO Wei 2012, 0(1): 32-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (346KB) ( )   After regaining control over Tibet，the Qing dynasty had implemented several measures including conferring titles to the political and religious heads of Tibet, establishing the administrative system，appointing officials，stationing troops，reassuring Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama to be the leaders of both the secular government and the Tibetan Buddhist religion，and finally building up a theocracy system called “Gaxag”. Those efforts allowed the Qing government to rule Tibet effectively and maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity and significantly influenced the Tibet policy of later ages. This essay reviews the Qing dynasty's Tibet policy from an anti-secessionism perspective and suggests that those policies ignored the economic and culture factors.The weak economic-culture connection between Tibet and inland China potentially caused a Tibet secessionism in the early twentieth century. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Characteristics of the Legal System of the Mongolia area in Qing dynasty BAO Shumei BAO Rijigen 2012, 0(1): 40-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (366KB) ( )   To secure the northern border areas and hold the Mongols as a faithful alliance，the Qing rulers from the early Qing dynasty innovatively allowed the Mongols inherit the traditional legal system of the Mongolian area and eventually established a distinctive law system of the Mongolian area under the central government so as to guarantee the legal control over the Mongolian area． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Supervision and Management of Sino-Russian Trade Relations by the Lifanyuan in Qing Dynasty 17th-18th Centries YE Baichuan 2012, 0(1): 47-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   In foreign affairs sponsored by the Lifanyuan，Sino-Russian relationship played an important role，such as the supervision and management of Sino-Russian trade. Not only covering the boundary disputes，fugitive issues and Dzungar Mongolia controversies，the Sino-Russian relationship also comprehensively contained the Qing court's strategy to control Khalkha Mongolia，which was carried out in the management of Sino-Russian trade by the Lifanyuan. Based on the supervision and management of Sino-Russian trade by the Lifanyuan，this paper focuses on its performance and real role. In addition to exploring the change of Qing government's policy towards Sino-Russian trade，it evaluates the diplomatic role of the Lifanyuan and discusses the gradual control on Khalkha Mongolia by the Qing government． Related Articles | Metrics

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Patriotic and Selfish: The Contribution of Nobles during the Revolution of 1911 WANG Chunlin 2012, 0(1): 58-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (436KB) ( )   The burst of revolution of 1911 made Qing dynasty embarrassed in finance and scared in society，therefore the government was in danger. The patriotic public debt became the hope to maintain situation，in the case of foreign debt was hopeless. In the early stage，nobles were asked to take the lead to contribute，which developed compulsory contribution after that．In the case of unknown situation，most nobles wanted to scuffle，except for minority. Which provoked fierce criticism from all circles，and nobles were disreputable. When the power alternated, the response of nobles seems to be enlarged，in fact nobles under Longyu empress contribute a lot of money，and the decisive factor of Qing dynasty's fate wasn't the contribution. The phenomenon refracted the hate of all circles to nobles' corruption, and which included paradox between nobles and Yuan shikai group，whereas which reflected realistic consideration during the revolution． Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation on Chen Baozhen's Curriculum List LIU Jingfu 2012, 0(1): 68-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Official's Curriculum List of Qing Dynasty is the first-hand materials for figure’s study.The four existing Curriculum List of Hunan governor Chen Baozhen had completely recorded his political process. Centering on the Curriculum List and combining with Chen Baozhen's poems，letters as well as biographies，we can sort out his annual experience of lifetime，especially in his longtime candidate span，also can clarify some clues．The four Curriculum Lists, especially the two unpublished，not only provide important basis for Chen Baozhen's biography and Chronicle’s writing in the future，but also offer case study's value for Qing Dynasty’s Bureaucracy． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Water Ecology and the Lake Fields in East Tai Lake in the Qing Dynasty WANG JianGe 2012, 0(1): 76-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (912KB) ( )   The lake field in the East Taihu Lake had been rapidly cultivated in the Qing Dynasty. Together with the mountain soil erosion, the sediment and water vegetation in the East Taihu Lake were increasing，and both the silt and the lake field were expanding. The East lake field cultivation blocked the water flow out of Tai Lake，causing the Wusong River shift northward to the Guajing-Kou. This helped to the rapid development of the lake field in the Northeast of the Tai Lake. Small dikes set up in this cultivation movement gradually made up the new river networks in the field, ideal for growing mulberry and rice. The mulberry and silk industry provided the fertility for the rice paddy soil, eventually forming an ecologically sustainable agriculture pattern that is traditional to the Jiangnan area． Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Establishment of Water Gauge Station and the Operation of the Flood Warningon Yellow River during Qing Dynasty: For Wanjintan in Shan Zhou as an Example ZHUANG Hongzhong, PAN Wei 2012, 0(1): 87-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (546KB) ( )   Many water gauge stations, which were used to read and record the water levels during the flood season，had generally set on projects along Yellow River，Grand canal and Yangtze River etc．since the Qing Dynasty was Established. The information was passed to the downstream by the text form through the system transmission of the national post，finally to central government，which was advantageous in effective decision and management. This article inspected initially the establishment of water gauge station in Qing Dynasty，then researched the operation process of the flood warning in flood season, through the establishment, system design and the disposition and function of related official in Wanjintan. The article thought that facing government affairs in general area，the Qing government planed the entire watershed management，used government's environmental record function，and hoped to establish the system of the flood warning in flood season，which could strengthen control of flood disaster risk and maintain its political rule． Related Articles | Metrics

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Yu Gong Studies in the Qing Dynasty KONG Xiangjun 2012, 0(1): 100-114.  Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   There are more than 80 works on the Shang Shu Yu Gong，one of the oldest Confucian classics，in the Qing Dynasty. These works could be further divided into 5 categories in terms of methodology of classic studies: exegeses，anthology of ancient notes, commentaries, special studies，and general introductions. Qing scholars' research on the Yu Gong reached an unparalleled level by careful textual studies，classics exegeses，geographic names studies，philology，and field studies． Related Articles | Metrics

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The New Examination of the Atonement Money ZHANG Shiming;WANG Xu 2012, 0(1): 115-120.  Abstract ( )   PDF (301KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Studies on Tibet in the Qing Dynasty ZHOU Weizhou 2012, 0(1): 121-124.  Abstract ( )   PDF (232KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Diary of Compilation of Puxuezhi in the Qing Dynasty QI Longwei 2012, 0(1): 125-147.  Abstract ( )   PDF (911KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Reading the Diary of Compilation of Puxuezhi in the Qing Dynasty by Qi Longwei SHEN Qiunong 2012, 0(1): 148-152.  Abstract ( )   PDF (264KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Rare Historical Sources and New Research Horizons: Reviews about The Chinese Famine Relief Books LI Guangwei 2012, 0(1): 153-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (203KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics