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15 November 2012, Volume 0 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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A Study on the Original Story behind The Dream of the Red Chamber through the Four Nalan Sisters' Marriages HUANG Yinong 2012, 0(4): 1.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3112KB) ( )   This paper shall analyze the relationship between the Cao family, Mingzhu's family, and Fuheng's family and provide new points of view on the original story behind The Dream of the Red Chamber. Newly discovered historical data shows that Yongshou (adopted son of Mingzhu's second son Kuixu) had four daughters who married Fuxiu, Fuheng, Hongqing and Hongli ( Emperor Qianlong), respectively; and Fuheng's eldest son Fulingan married the eldest daughter of Hongqing. This marriage arrangement between maternal cousins is exactly the same to that between Jia Baoyu and Xue Baochai．Furthermore，Fuxiu was Cao Xueqin's cousin， Hongqing's grandmother, the consort dowager Wang，was the first imperial consort who was permitted to visit her family. This is the most comparable event to the episode in The Dream of the Red Chamber about the royal consort Jia Yuanchun coming home to visit. Lastly，great great grandfather Cao Zhenyan knew Mingzhu's wife ( the fifth daughter of Ajige) since her infancy because he was a high-ranked bondservant under Ajige. Thus Cao Xueqin most likely based his novel on facts he actually knew or heard of. Information on the complex relationship between the three families shall shed new light to our understanding of the origins of the stories in The Dream of the Red Chamber． Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination of the Punishment of“Pillorying Perpetually”in Qing Dynasty CHEN Zhaosi 2012, 0(4): 15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (160KB) ( )   During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was an another turning point in the history of Chinese criminal law, with the propagation and intensification of social contradiction, the punishments once again became of diverse and severe. As an obvious case in point, numerous indefinite punishments including pillorying perpetually were institutionalized during this time. This paper examines the germination of the punishment of“pillorying perpetually”, and its codification during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，and address its legislation, the types of crimes punished, and the internal logic of the practice, and the spontaneous transition of Chinese ancient punishments in the Ming and Qing Dynasties． Related Articles | Metrics

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From“the Boundary Beween Liao and Yan”to“the Boundary Beween Hua and Yi”: Shanhaiguan as Described by Koreans in the Ming and Qing Dynasties HUANG Puji 2012, 0(4): 28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (133KB) ( )   The concept that Shanhaiguan was the boundary between Chinese and foreigners did not exist at all among Koreans in the Ming Dynasty,but the concept was greatly strengthened but great political changes during the Ming-Qing Transition. Koreans was surprisingly tolerant and positive towards the natural and humane landscape inside the Pass,but was overly severe and negative towards the landscape outside the Pass in the Qing Dynasty. Interestingly,the cultural distinction between inside the Pass and outside the Pass was reduced day by day while the boundary conception was gradually being strengthened in the Qing Dynasty, even though the resemblance was more than the distinction between inside the Pass and outside the Pass． Related Articles | Metrics

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A Reconstruction of the Events Surrounding Li Hongzhang's Slaughter of Taiping Captives at Suzhou FEI Zhijie 2012, 0(4): 37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   Near the end of the Taiping Rebellion, in December, 1863, Li HongZhang killed Taiping captives in Suzhou, marking the destruction of the Taiping's Sunan base and facilitating the Qing government's destruction of the movement. But this event also intensified the conflicts between the foreign commander, Charles Gordon and Li, and even triggered a severe condemnation by the foreign powers. Clarifying the facts surrounding this event will make an invaluable contribution to the historical evaluation of Li Hongzhang and research into the Taiping Rebellion. There has been a great deal of research on this topic, but the author has studied the relevant historical data and has new thoughts and his reconstruction of this incident identifies the real reason for the killing． Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Chinese Student Elites in Imperial Japan YAN Ping 2012, 0(4): 53.  Abstract ( )   PDF (146KB) ( )   Past research on Chinese students in modern Japan were mostly from the perspective of revolutionary history and have taken the Chinese students who received“instant education”in private colleges as the subject. However，the Chinese government's policies for studying in Japan were intended to help Chinese students to study in national higher education institutions, taking the Imperial University as the apex, to receive both top and professional standard education. Digging through some new historical materials, this article examines the Chinese students in Japanese Colleges and preparatory schools of the Imperial University during the period of modern Japan; identifies the differences of the policies of studying abroad among Chinese government, Japanese government, and Japanese departments of education and diplomacy; and in conclusion, demonstrates the substantive characteristics of Chinese students' higher education in Japan from the educational history aspect． Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of the Tea Trade between Sichuan and Tibet via Tajianlu in the Late Qing dynasty SHI Tao, LI Huan 2012, 0(4): 63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (270KB) ( )   The impact of Indian tea on Sichuan tea market in Tibet has received little scholarly attention to date. Located on the southern border,Tajianlu was a convenient market where Tibetans could carry on trade and make purchases of tea in 1696. With the Tibetans' increased demand for tea,the trade via Tajianlu developed steadily and had a great affect on the economy of Sichuan. Building on earlier research,this paper will use new historical materials, to investigate the tea trade, its route and influence on other places． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Study of the Migration of Manual Laborers ( kugong) to the Northeast during the Xuantong Reign ( 1908—12) DU Lihong 2012, 0(4): 73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (155KB) ( )   This article examines manual laborers ( kugong), who moved from Zhili and Shandong to the Northeast during the reign of the Emperor of Xuantong. The essay explains the kugong's choices of area and occupation economically, by comparing the discrepancies of earnings between the areas they left and the areas where they resettled. It also analyzes the attitudes of the Chinese and Russian governments toward this migration. Kugong did accumulate some economic assets, which not only led to Russian antipathy but stimulated measures to drive the Chinese out. At the same time, local Chinese officials and newspapers regarded kugong as refugees and refused to allow them to reclaim land or establish official residency. From the perspective of the history of migration to the Northeast, the Xuantong Reign was the eve of Chinese and Russian governments changing their attitudes towards kugong and it also represented an economic turning point． Related Articles | Metrics

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Notes on Khoshut Mongolian Aristocratic Family’s Name “Kyrgyz” M·Wu Lan 2012, 0(4): 83.  Abstract ( )   PDF (94KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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About the Imperial Household Department’s Transcript of Lifan Yuan Regulations during Qianlong ZHAO Yuntian 2012, 0(4): 89.  Abstract ( )   PDF (61KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Historical Source of Qingshigao Xinfazhi LI Dianrong 2012, 0(4): 91.  Abstract ( )   PDF (150KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Century Research on “Qing emperor’s abdication” CHEN Peng, HAN Xiang, ZHANG Gongzheng 2012, 0(4): 104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (202KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction of International Conference on “Commemorating the 100 Anniversary of Qing emperor’s abdication and Republic of China’s establishment ”   HAN Xiang 2012, 0(4): 126.  Abstract ( )   PDF (86KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Internal Logic of China’s Traditional Legal System-reading Law, Resources and Time-Construct：China in 1644-1945(Volume IV) LIU Dong 2012, 0(4): 136.  Abstract ( )   PDF (122KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Qing History Articles Index in 2011 WANG Xufen 2012, 0(4): 145.  Abstract ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics