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15 August 2005, Volume 0 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Impact of Litigation Masters on the Law and The Qing Legislative Crackdown on Litigation Masters LIN Qian 2005, 0(3): 1-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2754KB) ( )   The powerful influence of litigation masters arose within a system of local government that was seriously short of administrative resources but responsible for handling judicial administration. Under these conditions, litigation masters directly influenced legal affairs and had an enormous impact on the legal order. In periods of Qianlong and Jiaqing the Qing court enacted a regulation that strictly controlled litigation masters. Not only did this new prohibition violate the spirit of the existing law against instigating lawsuits and enact severe punishments, moreover it also outlawed the activities of litigation masters and indirectly influenced system of civil litigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evolution of the Magistrate Assessment System during the Late Qing GUAN Xiao-Hong 2005, 0(3): 13-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (489KB) ( )   In 1904, the Qing court implemented important changes in the system for assessing prefectural and county mag is rates. This transformation of the assessment system was meant to root out official corruption, institute the Xinzheng Reform, select capable officials, and strengthen the government’s power base. But, Provincial Governors continued to hold great power and reforming an ancient system was difficult , and there were divergent interests within the ruling classes. In the end, the reformed avoided serious issues and dwelt on the trivial. Deviating from its original intent, the reform endangered and undermined Qing governance. The reform of the magistr ate assessment system precisely illustrates t he dilemma of enacting administrative reform in the late Qing . Related Articles | Metrics

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Marriage Circles within the Famous Lineages to the Imperial Household Department in Qing Period: A Case Study of Gao-jia Clan DING Yi-Zhuang, HU Hong-Bao 2005, 0(3): 25-32.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1790KB) ( )   Whether in tribal societies or in great empires of ancient civilization, exogamous alliance is always important means to strengthen the statues o f a social group .Taking the eminent Gao-jia clan as a case, this article discusses the issue of cross-group marriage among the famous lineages belonged to the Imperial Household Department .The authors make a textual research to the official records, in comparing with rare edition copies of Genealogy of Gao-jia Clan , put in order the historical facts concerning to this descent group, and then intricate the complex kinship relations both in written text and in anthropological diagrams. Related Articles | Metrics

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River Works and Finance in the Qing Dynasty Chen-Hua 2005, 0(3): 33-42.  Abstract ( )   PDF (576KB) ( )   The Qing government attached great importance to controlling rivers and consistently devoted considerable manpower and material resources to that end.State financing was crucial to the administration of river conservancy and the Qing government established corresponding regulations to administer these funds.River conservancy was also closely related to political and economic conditions.Although government revenue increased substantially in late Qing , the increase was insufficient to cover deficits and the administration of river projects gradually declined.   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Periodicity of Rural Markets in Henan Province of the Qing Dynasty DENG Yu-Na 2005, 0(3): 43-52.  Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   Rural markets in Henan province of the Qing Dynasty could be classificated to daily-markets and every-other-day markets mainly, markets in county tow ns usually were daily-markets and the others were ever y-other-day markets.Though these markets had high reopenning frequency , only a little places participated in the trading as a mar ket was opening.Besides markets there were lots of take-turning Temple Fair held at the same time, usually business scale of ordinaty markets were smaller than take-turning Temple Fair.So the trading volume of ordinar y mar kets were limited,which restricted the development of commodity eco nomy in Henan Province, to a certain extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Qian-Jia Learning and Western Learning Liu-Mo 2005, 0(3): 53-62.  Abstract ( )   PDF (444KB) ( )   This essay seeks to answer two basic questions: How did Confucian scholars respond to Western natural science and to what extent did Western learning influence Chinese academic research. T he essay notes that the influence of Western learning on traditional Chinese learning was limited to fields of astronomy, calendars, geography, mathematics, and other related fields and once again revived interest in similar traditional Chinese disciplines, like mathematics. T he theory of “Chinese origin of Western learning “however prevented Chinese scholars from further accepting Western science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Continuity of the Tongcheng School and Traditional Chinese Education Zeng-Guang-Guang 2005, 0(3): 63-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (480KB) ( )   The continuity of the Tongcheng School to a great degree depended on the traditional system of education.Traditional teaching methods such as school lectures , in-house tutoring , and private teaching had helped the rapid development of this school , making it a school of literature which accommodated members from different regions.Members of the Tongcheng School formed extensive teacher-student relations in various forms , and these relations served as an important bond to tie the school close together.Because of the heavy dependence on the traditional education , the Tongcheng School lost its opportunity to survive when the traditional system of education began to collapse during the late Qing period. Related Articles | Metrics

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History and Myth: Research on the Source of the Xilu Myth as well as the Origin of the Heaven and Earth Society KONG Xiang-Tao 2005, 0(3): 70-78.  Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   It is a common phenomenon fo r both the folk sects and the secret societies to be set up in virtue of myth.Therefore,to comprehend these myths profoundly is not only beneficial to the research of the folk sects and the secret societies but also a key to open the door of their histories.Focusing on the key point of“dramatizing”, this article mainly researches on the narrative pattern of “fatuous monarch and treacherous court official vs,the court official w ho has rendered outstanding service”in the myths of the founding of folk sects and secret societies in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.Furthermore, it tries to analyze the forming of the Xilu Myth under the historical background of the Heaven and Earth Society and thus finds the answer to the origin of the Heaven and Earth Society. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Popular Dramas on the Boxer Moverment WANG Jia-Hua 2005, 0(3): 79-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (482KB) ( )   The Boxer Movement is influenced by drama to a great extent , it is just the drama to create the social “narrating background”for the outburst of the Boxer Movement.On one hand , in many aspects , such as apparel , deity , words and behaviors , etc , Boxers imitate the drama stage performance ; On the other hand , the drama has promoted the outburst of the Boxer Movement to a great extent.The main reason lies drama’s particularly prevailing at that time in North China.From this point , we can find out the great influence of the social custom culture in one place. Related Articles | Metrics