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15 November 2013, Volume 0 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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The Family History and Deeds of Banner ＆ Korean People of Surname An LIU Xiaomeng 2013, 0(4): 1-19.  Abstract ( )   PDF (259KB) ( )   The Korean bannermen An Shangren ( also known as called An Shangyi or An San) and his son An Qi ( also called An Lucun) were unique in their multiple identities: housekeeper of Ming Zhu ( scholar of Kangxi dynasty and member of the Manchurian elite) ，salt merchants，social philanthropists，and art connoisseurs． This paper undertakes a systematic investigation of the An Family from five different aspects: the management of the salt business，Jingdezhen porcelain making，rebuilding the city of Tianjin，An Tu's death sentence，and An Qi's role as an aesthete and collector． In conclusion，the author finds that An family came to China in the seventeenth century ( between the 1630s and 1640s) ，after being taken captive by the Eight Banners． As managers for generations，An's family had a deep and special relationships with Ming Fu． The precise identity of the An family，should be bond servants to the Pure Yellow Manchu Banner of Korean nationality． The deeds of the An family，provide a unique perspective for examining Manchu nobility master-servant relationship within the family，multi-ethnic relations within the Banner system，the relationship between Banners and commoners，and，most of all， Chinese-Korean relations． Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of the Qianlong Emperor's Mother Surname Change FENG Jianhui 2013, 0(4): 20-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (318KB) ( )   There were serious contradictions in the official documents regarding the surname of the Qianlong Emperor's mother when she was still alive． According to a document preserved in an anthology of Huang Zhijun，an official of Qing Dynasty，it has been further confirmed that the original surname of the Empress dowager was a Han surname that was later changed to a Manchu surname． The Yongzheng Emperor made the change as an important measure to ensure Qianlong's right to inherit the throne． In the course of the change，there were many cautious approaches which reflected the subtle mind of the supreme ruler of the Qing Dynasty． This change became the direct source of the legends of Qianlong's identity． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Actual State of Litigation in Local Society during the Qing Dynasty Wu Peilin 2013, 0(4): 29-40.  Abstract ( )   PDF (178KB) ( )   Mainly due to differences in historical sources and analytical perspectives，there have been two entirely different conclusions regarding the actual state of litigation in counties and prefectures in Qing China: “anti-litigious society”and“litigious society． ”The “anti-litigious society”proponents take the official standpoint and rely on government regulations and documents that advocated an ideal society without lawsuits． The“litigious society”proponents seek to ascertain the actual state of local litigation by combing through archival sources，local histories，and the magistrates' records which yield data that reflected the real lives of the common people． That the proponents of the “anti-litigious society”reflect the views of the political elites is understandable，but these same officials also undertook a series of institutional innovations to achieve their ideal reducing litigation． The anti-litigious society view should not be criticized because it was the elite political ideal，doubts existed among the elites． According to the official views and the written records，their ideal description of society did not refer to an actual measurement of the scale of litigation，but instead indicated a value judgment based on ethics and reality． Related Articles | Metrics

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Mongolian Exile Documents in the Archives of the Lifan Yuan GUAN Kang 2013, 0(4): 41-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (452KB) ( )   By examining the Manchu script archives of the Court of Colonial Affairs ( Lifanyuan) of the early period of Qing dynasty，this paper examines the rationale and practice of the establishment and development of exile in Mongolian territory， and analyzes why the Qing government accepted a punishment that had been created by Han Chinese dynasties． The essay also addresses the process of changes in Mongolian society and the background to the homogenization of Mongolian and Chinese traditional law code． Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Practice of Porridge Relief during the Qianlong Reign ZHOU Qiong 2013, 0(4): 55-65.  Abstract ( )   PDF (166KB) ( )   Porridge relief was one important famine relief measure in China，and the practice of porridge relief was a crucial part of the traditional Chinese famine relief system． As one additional famine relief measure in Qing dynasty，the porridge relief practice played an active role in disaster relief and in feeding the poor． A more comprehensive porridge relief practice was implemented during the Qianlong reign ( 1736- 95) ，and it exerted a positive effect in reliving the famine victims． However，due to bureaucratic corruption，inflexible system and management deficiencies，there were many problems in porridge relief， which leaded to the death of famine refugees in large numbers; the uneven distribution of porridge factories also in practice impaired the social effects of porridge relief; thirdly，the relief of porridge charged for free had a negative impact on the public mentality． All of the above resulted in a great deficit of social effects of this most comprehensive famine relief practice． Related Articles | Metrics

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“New China”: The National Ideals of Late Qing Dynasty Intellectuals WANG Yuling 2013, 0(4): 66-77.  Abstract ( )   PDF (188KB) ( )   Since the Opium War，China has experienced great change that that was unprecedented during the previous three thousand years． When the Qing Dynasty was on the verge of collapse，establishing a“New China”became a major topic of intellectual discourse． Kang Youwei was the first person to propose the concept of“New China． ”As result of intellectuals disseminating and using the concept，“New China” became a popular term and national ideal in the late Qing Dynasty． This paper will try to show how the concept of“New China”developed and changed，to reveal the various meanings of“New China”in the different periods，as well as its distinct characteristics as compared with related expressions in the same period． Related Articles | Metrics

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A Historical Study of Kang Youwei's Reorganization of the Chinese Empire Reform Association WANG Dawen 2013, 0(4): 78-89.  Abstract ( )   PDF (187KB) ( )   On July 20，1899，Kang Youwei founded the Chinese Empire Reform Association in Canada． After the Qing Court announced preparations for enacting a constitution，Kang reorganized the Chinese Empire Reform Association under the name Chinese Reform Association in October 1906． Xiong Xiling advocated using Chinese Empire Reform Association． Xiong discussed the proposal with Liang Qichao in December 1906，and，in the end，Kang accepted Xiong and Liang's proposal． In March 1907 the Chinese Empire Reform Association officially became Kang and Liang's new institutional identity． However， as revolutionary conditions continued to evolve and the Qing court continued to ban political parties，the Chinese Empire Reform Association faced an identity crisis． Revolutionary factions and others did not accept the new institution and within the association there was an identity crisis． Kang planned to reorganize the Chinese Empire Reform Association as Kuomintang in 1912，but in the end he failed． Related Articles | Metrics

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Records of Meeting Friends at Ganjing Alley by Korean Hong Dae-yong and its Variations FUMA Susumu, ZHANG Wen 2013, 0(4): 90-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (564KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study of the Boundary between the Eastern and Western Bulut CHEN Hailong, FENG Xie 2013, 0(4): 104-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (528KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Military Servitude in Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty LU Jingkang 2013, 0(4): 111-119.  Abstract ( )   PDF (146KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Heirs of Imperial Princes and Heirs of Commandery Princes in the Qing Dynasty DU Jiaji 2013, 0(4): 120-125.  Abstract ( )   PDF (123KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Author of Brief Records of Sweden JIA Hao 2013, 0(4): 126-129.  Abstract ( )   PDF (229KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Qing History Studies in 2012 CHEN Zhiping, LIU Tingyu 2013, 0(4): 130-143.  Abstract ( )   PDF (204KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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An Index to the Articles on Qing History in 2012 WANG Xufen 2013, 0(4): 144-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics