Abstract: Chinese  began  to do  business  with Russian  in Beijing  in  the  Yuan  Dynasty,and  the  trade reached its peak after  the  Treaty  of  Nerchinst  was  signed.Most   of  the  trade caravan to  China were nongovernmental  before 1697,but  after that“official”businessmen came.It was not until the 1760s,with  the rising of  the Kiakhta Trade,that the Beijing trade ended.The  merchandise  in  the  Beijing trade  was mainly  leather ,cloth  and a  little tea.This was quite different from the Kiakhta Trade  which focused  on tea and leather.Further more，the Beijing  trade was  characterized  by free trade.The Russian  government  had  a real interest  in   this trade and  made a  great profit from the bilateral trade；Conversely,the Qing government had little interest and gained much  less.