Abstract: Humanity Study crystallized and to some degress was practiced in the late Qing. The thinkers of the 1898 Reform, such as Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong, reinterpreted inner cultivation, illustrated the theory of benevolent government, and linked Humanity Study and enlightenment through the popular will, and equality of thought and ideal of human dignity. They advocated the concept of Humanity(Ren), but in Modern China, it was impossible for Humanity Study to advance. In their pursuit of a righteous cause, Kang and Tan’s reform proposals tended toward moral idealism, and their personal fate were strongly dyed in the color of tragedy.