Abstract: Some scholars of the “New Qing History”approaches tend to emphasize grossly on the fundamental differencebetween China and “the Great Qing ”. Such a notion could derive from a partial understanding of“the national identity”of the Manchus in the Qing dynasty. This article identifies two coexisted identities found in the Qing by examining the evolution of the Manchus' self identity: the ethnic identity as an expression of the Manchu's characteristic and greater China as the national identity. These two identities were on different levels. Strictly speaking ，the scholarly using of“the Manchu Empire”as the designation of“the Great Qing”is not congruous with the Manchu's history since the Shunzhi reign，and especially not so since the mid of the Kangxi reign. As a matter of fact，The Qing dynasty successfully brought the non-Han Chinese of a vast territory with a Chinese identity openlyaccepted in the manner of being part of China's orthodoxy history. This sense of national identity was consolidated in aseries of international confrontations and modernized at the end of the Qing dynasty.