Abstract: In the early Qing dynasty，the government encouraged people to open up wasteland in Sichuan and made people migrate there on a large scale. However，in the new migrating area，social integration didn't keep abreast with the increasing speed of population. The social and governmental control wasn't built up in time and the“hoodlums”and “rascals”among the immigrants ganged up with the loca“ruffian”to create a loosely organized society named Guolu，in which people with different family names became sworn brothers. Guolu was originally a word used by the Sichuan local inhabitants to name the cunning and fierce people，gamblers，thieves and bandits among the immigrants. The emerging and spreading of Guolu is related to the geographical and social conditions under which the Qing government encouraged people to migrate to Sichuan without proper limits.