从“包漕”到“告漕”——道光初年“漕弊”整顿进程中苏松士绅力量的演化

journal6 ›› 2011, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 77-87.

从“包漕”到“告漕”——道光初年“漕弊”整顿进程中苏松士绅力量的演化

华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院

出版日期:2011-08-15 发布日期:2011-08-15
作者简介:赵思渊(1985—)，男，华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院博士研究生；上海 200241

From Tax Farming to Law Cases: The Decline of the Local Gentry under Tao Shu's Tribute Grain Transport Policy in Suzhou and Songjiang，1820s

Online:2011-08-15 Published:2011-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从嘉庆时期开始，以生员为主体的漕运诉讼案件在苏松地区频繁发生，即所谓 “告漕”案。道光六年起江苏巡抚陶澍开始对 “告漕”案予以严厉惩处，这一措施遭到学政辛从益的质疑，但得到了道光帝的支持。本文认为，在陶澍清理措施展开前，苏松地区生员一直参与当地漕项征收包揽，并同州县官、漕运运丁共同分享漕项征收 “浮收”的收益。这一时期漕项征收中 “浮收”比率达到 1. 1∶ 1，其中 70% 收益由州县官所得，包揽生员所分得的收益不足 20%。嘉道年间运河运输成本的增大、旱灾以及道光六年漕粮海运等一系列事件，都对原有的收益分配框架造成了冲击。嘉道年间苏松地区频繁发生的 “告漕”案件，应当理解为生员群体既得利益遭到侵蚀后所作出的反应。在陶澍等的严厉打压下，此后的漕项征收 “浮收”利益分配中，生员的地位逐渐下降。在太平天国战争之后的漕运利益链中，州县官对生员拥有了支配地位。

Abstract: The 1800-1820s was a period that witnessed an increasing number of law suits，mainly involving shengyuan degree holders，over the transport of tribute grain in Suzhou and Songjiang． Tao Shu，the governor of Jiangsu Province，took a severe attitude towards these cases． Xin Congyi challenged the policy but it gained the support of the Daoguang emperor． The analysis shows that before Tao put the policy into effect，that local shengyuan，government officials，and the tribute grain transporters gained from the illegal tribute grain surtax． The rate on surtax to land tax was 1. 1∶ 1 in this period and 70% went to prefectural and county officials and 20% to shengyuan． This ring of corruption collapsed during the drought that ruined transport on the Grand Canal and forced sea transportation of tribute grain． Under these circumstances，law suits during this era can be understood as reactions to Tao Shu's policy． But Tao soon suppressed the rash of law suite and，from then on，shengyuan's benefits declined．

赵思渊. 从“包漕”到“告漕”——道光初年“漕弊”整顿进程中苏松士绅力量的演化[J]. journal6, 2011, 0(3): 77-87.

ZHAO Siyuan. From Tax Farming to Law Cases: The Decline of the Local Gentry under Tao Shu's Tribute Grain Transport Policy in Suzhou and Songjiang，1820s[J]. journal6, 2011, 0(3): 77-87.