Abstract: The history textbooks of Japanese middle school involve several major themes of the evolution of the relations of Qing and Japan. The historical facts emphasize the course of Japan's striving for the developments by herself and the track of increasingly decline of China, and thus leading to the transformation of the modern relations of China and Japan. The modern Chinese history was represented as the background to comprehend the modern Japanese history in the textbooks. Indeed, this approach to deal with the relations of Qing and Japan is the reflection of Japanese viewpoints on China．