Abstract: During 35 years after open to foreign trade in the late Qing，Wuhu witnessed the rapid increase in population,building and urban areas. Meanwhile, it also faced unprecedented fire disaster risk，causing heavy losses of lives and property.Fire disaster became a major impediment to the economic and social development in Wuhu.The causesof the fire disaster of Wuhu included both natural and social factors,and the latter was the primary factor.In face of the fire disaster,Wuhu government and civil society had positive attitude,they adopted various measures, and madesome achievements, but there were also many problems. The case of Wuhu provides a reference to fire-fighting in present cities．