Abstract: In the early Qing Dynasty, the problem of wasteland in the Luliang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the result of the war, disasters, and tax burdens. Despite tax exemptions and adjustments, various problems related to wasteland remained and had a lasting impact on local society. On the one hand, the lijia system was restructured by the tax exemption for the population who had fled and for the wasteland, but the disadvantage of exemptions and reclamation made it difficult to rebuild the lijia system. On the other hand, under the pressure of reclamation, some places gradually formed divisions between households that reclaimed land and their tenants, and problem household becoming tenants for generations. At the same time, a large amount of wasteland had not been reclaimed, and new wasteland was constantly emerging. Influenced by the payment and compensation for wasteland, the lijia and households also showed a tendency to separate. In the Yongzheng period, a series of adjustments and the reasonable allocation within the lijia re-established the combination of population and land in system and fact. These problems and adjustments reflect the process of structural social change that tended to be dispersed in the barren areas of northern China.