清代科举考试中的“商籍”考论——一种制度史的视野

journal6 ›› 2010, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 83-89.

清代科举考试中的“商籍”考论——一种制度史的视野

厦门大学教育研究院

出版日期:2010-08-15 发布日期:2010-08-15
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“科举学研究”(BAA070046)的阶段性成果

Research on the Status of"Commercial Household Registration"for Salt Merchants in the Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination from the Perspective of Institutional history

Online:2010-08-15 Published:2010-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在清代,商籍主要是指为盐商及其子弟设立的应考科举的籍类标记。但除此之外,"商籍"一词尚有其他的某些含义。科举考试中的商籍,是盐业与科举"联姻"的产物,同时也是政府与盐商之间利益交换的产物。清代在延续明代旧有商籍的基础上,在全国多个省份均设置了商籍学额与中额。在别省行盐执引者及其亲子弟侄果系无法回籍应试,是商籍应考条件最为严整的规定。但一方面这种应考规定在某些地区存在一定的变通之处,另一方面制度的成文规定并不能必然保证其完全按章运作,在录取率较高的背景下,大量本身并不符合应考条件的考生纷纷冒考商籍,由此造成了清代科举史上的一大冒籍类别。

Abstract: In Qing dynasty a special household registration for salt merchants and their offspring was used in the Imperial Examination. However，this registration category also had other implications. This special status was a product of the“marriage”of the salt industries and the Imperial Examination and also the product of beneficial exchange between the salt merchants and the government. The Qing government set a special quota in many provinces. Because the salt merchants and their offspring could not return to their original home regions to participate in the Imperial Examination，it was a necessary condition for the special household registration. But，this provision was flexible in some cases，and it was not always employed. Thus，many examinees who did not meet this provision often took the special tests. Thus there were many instances of fraud due to this phenomena in the history of Imperial Examination in Qing dynasty.

刘希伟. 清代科举考试中的“商籍”考论——一种制度史的视野[J]. journal6, 2010, 0(3): 83-89.

LIU Xi-Wei. Research on the Status of"Commercial Household Registration"for Salt Merchants in the Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination from the Perspective of Institutional history[J]. journal6, 2010, 0(3): 83-89.