Abstract: In the early Qing Dynasty，Ministry of Public Works was overall responsibility for river conservancy and the ministry delegated authority to the Director-general of the Grand Canal. By the eighteenth century with ever-increasing population pressure on the economic development of socity，the Qing government was more seriously concerned with matters related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. At that time the Governor General of Liangjiang ( Jiangsu，Jiangxi，and Anhui) was given the bureaucratic responsibility and power to administer river conservancy. In the process they realized that their value had improved and promptly made the transition to technocrats. This administrative change revealed the eighteenth-century social environment required talented bureaucrats and technical personnel and that social environment also provided a great stage for the transformation of administrative bureaucracy. Secondly，there were positive aspects of the changed bureaucratic system: the importance of the personal qualities of bureaucrats could not be ignored，and bureaucrats at all levels of government held the administrative lifelines of autocratic imperial authority within this complex bureaucracy at all levels of the state.