Abstract: This article focuses on administrative system and characteristics of Xinjiang before the founding of the province. According to the author，because of the unique social environment in Xinjiang，the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang could not directly undertake simple and unified management. There was a need to divide the region and to share responsibility with other senior military and political officials. Under the Limin system (migration into Xinjiang from China proper)，counties were established earlier East of Tianshan Mountains. However，in the North Tianshan Mountains，the change from the Limin associate magistrate to Fumin associate magistrate appeared before counties had yet to be established. Under Military Administration，the configuration of officials for Limin mostly followed the pattern of the banner staff as the principal seal-holding official and the Han staff as the assistant. These offices should follow the instructions of Urumqi Banner Commander-in-Chief and the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang，and were managed indirectly by the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. This was a unique pattern.