Abstract: At the beginning of the Qing dynasty，a large amount of land in the capital region was occupied and allocated to banner household. The owners whose land had been occupied subsequently were compensated mainly with garrison land (tun?tian) from the Ming dynasty. This transition facilitated the reform of the garrison system in the early Qing，but also caused many new problems，such as the disputes over garrison land between the civilian and military systems. Because of the great distance between the new landowners and their newly swapped lands，a special form of land management called “one field，two supports” (一 地两养) emerged，which meant that a piece of land fed two different families， the landowner and the tenant. The series of changes had a profound influence upon the proprietorship and management of the land，the local fiscal system and the social structure in Zhili province during the Qing dynasty. Therefore，the founding history of the Banner system has to be understood in light of the Ming garrison system with a geographical dimension.