Abstract: The countersignature system originated in the West and was an important part of there responsibility cabinet system. The countersignature system was first discussed and planned during the late Qing Dynasty, although it was compared to the countersignature system of the Grand Council in the Qianlong years, it was still a Western-inspired reform. However, after successive discussions and trade-offs, the countersignature system and the responsible cabinet were separated before the final implementation. Taking advantage of Prince Chun's regency, the Grand Council's counter signature system was promulgated. As for the purpose and definition of the change, there was no expressed explanation. After Pandora's Box was opened, a series of political trends and disputes followed.

Key words: countersignature, Grand Council, responsibility

摘要： 副署制度源自西方，是责任内阁制的重要组成部分。清季最初讨论和规划副署制度时，虽将其比附为乾隆年间的军机大臣署名之制，但本意仍是西制。然而，经历了反复的辩驳及朝廷的权衡，至最终实施时，清廷却将副署与责任内阁相剥离，乘摄政王载沣履任监国之机，颁布了军机大臣署名之制。至于副署的目的与含义，却无明文解释。清季与民初的一系列政潮、政争由此展开。

关键词: 副署, 军机大臣, 责任