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15 August 2007, Volume 0 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The"Modernity of Thinking and Idea"in the 18th Century China:Reflections on Researches into the Qing History Guided by the China-centered Approach XIA Ming-Fang 2007, 0(3): 1-19.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1061KB) ( )   This paper examines critically the trend of thought that many scholars have been searching for the internal modernity in the Chinese recent history at home and abroad since the 1970 s , in order to reveal its methodology characteristics. The author believes that the alleged “modernity of thinking an idea” in the interior of Chinese history, which has been founded by many scholars, is the invention of these scholars’ thinking on the history of China, rather than reflects the historical truth, and morever the thinking itself was largely a product of Western influence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Glass Windows and the Glassware during the Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong Reigns LI Xiao-Dan 2007, 0(3): 20-25.  Abstract ( )   PDF (354KB) ( )   The extensive and bilateral cultural interactions between China and the West from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century accelerated the social development on both sides. This paper examines the influence o f advanced Western glass manufacturing techniques on the Chinese glassware industry, the utilization and proliferation of glass windows, and the widespread use of the glassware in China during the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns. The author shows that the introduction of glass manufacturing techniques from the West advanced the development of traditional glass works and the use of glass windows, and that glassware affected the exterior and the interior decoration style of buildings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tracking the "Jiangjiu Garden":A Study of a Typical Literati "Illusionary" Garden in the Seventeenth Century ZHAO Xia 2007, 0(3): 26-32.  Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   This article examines the “Jiang jiu Garden” , an “illusionary” garden of the famous seventeenth-century scholar Huang Zhouxing. The author analyses the view of the garden and the main events in the life of the owner. The article both explains the features of the garden itself as well as the special cooperation between “garden” and  “person”, and elucidates some typical social characteristics and popular scholar culture in this special historical period, such as strength of Mngloyalist ideology, reclusive herm it mentality, opera and the expansion of legendary literary forms. All of these aspects of literati culture were closely linked to the flourishing of the garden at that time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Opening Our Eyes:A New Study on the Results of Autumn Assizes and the Court Assizes in the Qing Dynasty SUN Jia 2007, 0(3): 33-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (311KB) ( )   Formerly, our knowledge regarding the outcomes of the autumn assizes and court assizes were limited to the formal descriptions in the Huidian and Huidian Shili of the Qing dynasty. When we delve more deeply into the field o f justice, however, we find that the processes were more complex and that there were additional outcomes in the autumn assizes and court assizes than previously thought. In fact, the autumn assizes and court assizes present a complicated problem that requires further research and consideration. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Study on Fujian Juanjian Case in the 9th Year of QianLong Reign YAN Ai-Hong 2007, 0(3): 39-44.  Abstract ( )   PDF (275KB) ( )   Th is article system atically described the beg inn ing and subsequent development of Fujian Juanjian Case occurred in 1744, provided with a complete and accurate specimen, including the proportion o f corrupt officials w ho took the Lougui of Juanjian in the official group of Fujian Province and the average quantity of Lougui of Juanjian took by every official Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Binxing Ceremony in Qing Dynasty MAO Xiao 2007, 0(3): 45-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2595KB) ( )   The Binxing ceremony, which was hold by the prefecture or county government, is a kind o f Keju ceremony all over the country in Qing Dynasty. No other account had been found till now showing that it had been hold in Ming Dynasty. The earliest source of Binxing ceremony is the Xiangyinjiu ceremony in Zhou Dynasty. In Tang and Song Dynasty, the Xiangyinjiu and Keju ceremony were hold fixedly by the local governments. The connection between those two ceremonies were cut off in the early Ming Dynasty, which makes the Binxing ceremony developed into a ripe local Keju ceremony in Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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Academic Tradition of Aofeng Academy and the Nutriment on Lin Zexu XU Wei-Qin 2007, 0(3): 55-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (407KB) ( )   Aofeng Academy is originated for lectures with special preference from the imperial court of Qing. Under the particular historical background at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it breaks through the convention on policies of the current. Taking on the mission to revive the Zhu Xi Ideology and settle the knowledge society of southeast region, with the effort of all previous local governors and Shanzhang ( deans), this academy had sustained its resplendence of more than one hundred years, formed an academic route with practical reason as core, and cultivated lots of persons with professional ability. Lin Zexu, studied in this academy in his early age, was inoculated and influenced by this academic tradition through his whole life. Thus, it is an important point of penetration for understanding the cultural information inside of Lin Zexu’s personality, talent and ideology to research the academic tradition and operation style of Aofeng Academy deeply. Related Articles | Metrics

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" Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk"," The Wan-Wu Daozong","The Story of Xilu" and the Origins of The Heaven and Earth Society QIN Bao-Qi 2007, 0(3): 64-72.  Abstract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )   The discovery in the 1990s o f the ru ins o f the Chang lin M onastery, the relics of Wan- Wu Daozong, in Fujian, and what Luo Zhao has called them anuscripts of the “Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk”caused quite a stir in academia. “The Secret Code,” which is copied some materials related with Heaven and Earth Society, and Luo Zhao confirmed it mainly written by Wan-W u Daozong, so it is regarded as valuable historical source for studying the origin of Heaven and Earth Society. Wan- Wu Daozong as the founder of the Heaven and Earth Society. Some scholars believe this find was a “major breakthrough” in the research on origins of the Heaven and Earth Society.  In 2006 this author visited the abbot of Kulai Temple on Dongshan Island in Fujian and examined the authentic source o f the “secret code”. In comparison, the author found that the source was not related to the content of Heaven and Earth Society. The Heaven and Earth Society figures and poems contained in these recent discoveries were added afterwards?? The word “Tongmenghui” was in the “Secret Code” , so it is impossible the work was handed down from Wan- Wu Daozong during Kangxi period. Therefore it cannot be taken as a source for studying the origins of Heaven and Earth Society. Conclusions based on it do not stand up.  But the discovery of the ruins of Chang lin Monastery contributes to understanding the story o f Xilu in “Record of the Society” of Heaven and Earth Society. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Temporal Characteristics of Border Trading Along the Great Wall during Qing Dynasty QI Mei-Qin 2007, 0(3): 73-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (713KB) ( )   Addressng the lack o f in- depth academic research on the status of the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty and border trading along the Great Wall during Qing Dynasty, this paper compares the mutual trading during the Ming dynasty with the border trading along the Great Wall during Qing Dynasty. The essay provides a preliminarily exploration of the reasons, special characteristics, administration, and the nature of border trading along the Great Wall during Qing Dynasty, with a view to enhance awareness of the problem. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comments on Catholic Church Rights to Purchase Property in China’s Interior in the Late Qing Dynast WANG Zhong-Mao 2007, 0(3): 87-94.  Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Some scholars believe that the “Beijing Treaty” signed  between China and France in 1860 gave the Catholic Church the right to purchase property in China’s interior in the late Qing. In fact, the Beijing Treaty was only an “informal” excuse for France to claim right to purchase land from the Qing government. The Berthemy Convention, which was signed in 1865, was more detrimental than the Beijing Treaty and the “Auguste A1 Gerara Agreement” in 1895, seriously weakened the sovereignty of China and finally established the Catholic Church’s rights in to purchase property in China’s interior. Related Articles | Metrics