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15 August 1999, Volume 0 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Changes of the commodity flow channels during the early Qing Dynasty XU Tan 1999, 0(3): 1-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1239KB) ( )   During the early period of the Qing Dynasty, the scope and scale of the commodity flow channels in China were greatly extended with open policy on trade by sea and the development of the regional economy. The old commodity flow channels, which relied on the Yunhe Canal and centered on the southern region of the Yangtse River during the Ming Dynasty, had changed. On one hand, coastal trade and trade along the river replaced the Canal and became the main commodity flow channels. On the other hand, Special trade policy allowed Guangzhou to have a preferential status, as a result, the development of the sea ports such as Shanghai and the sea routes in the coastal provinces was constrained. This change indicated an inexorable trend of the economic development, and at the same time, it can be seen clearly that the change was greatly influenced by government policies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case Study of the child bride custom during the mid-Qing Dynasty WANG Yue-Sheng 1999, 0(3): 14-22.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2997KB) ( )   Traditionally, child bride was a custom in marriage practised in China. This custom was prevalent in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The analysis of this article is based on the child bride records provided by courtesy of Number One National Archives of China. This article investigates and examines the characteristics, age differences, reasons for such marriage custom and official policies and basic attitude of the society. Related Articles | Metrics

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A brief research on the location of Garrison Troops in the capital and its environs during the Qing Dynast ZHAO Ling-Zhi 1999, 0(3): 23-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (729KB) ( )   The term “Garrison Troops” in this article refers to the troops of the “Eight Banners” stationed in the capital and its environs. This system was introduced after the Manchu came to power, and was formally established in the early years during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. This article discusses the systems of the grrrison troops, their management and their distinctive phenomena Related Articles | Metrics

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Liyong Housheng"theory in the 18th century Korea and the Qing Dynasty WANG Zheng-Yao 1999, 0(3): 31-37+73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   The “Liyong Housheng”(利用厚生) theory was the thought of Piao Zhiyuan, a well-known advocate on real learning in the 18th century in Korea. His theory and views on real learning are different from those of the orthodox advocates in Korea. The development of Piao’s theory is closely related to the advanced science and technology of the “Liyong Housheng” theory in Qing Dynasty, which was manifested in Piao’s work “Rehe Diary” Related Articles | Metrics

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Essay on Ruan Yuan’s thought of real learnin PENG Lin 1999, 0(3): 38-44.  Abstract ( )   PDF (612KB) ( )   Concentrating on the following three parts: “matter-of-fact attitude,” “focus on Chinese culture through comprehensive study of western cultures” and “give the nation the first consideration and resist foreign bully,” this article discusses Ruan Yuan’s contribution to the thory of real learning and to the academic studies during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gezhi Academy and and real learning educatio LI Zhi-Jun 1999, 0(3): 45-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3175KB) ( )   Gezhi Academy was a brand new school in the modern history of education in China. The views and methods reflected in the “Records of Gezhi Academy”of the thousands of sthdents project systematic development of real learning in China. By examining the records of the students of the Gezhi Academy, the article further discusses the thought of real learning and the education in real learning in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Criticism on National Temperament during the late Qing Dynast LIANG Jing-He 1999, 0(3): 55-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1084KB) ( )   The article criticizes and reveals the weak points of the national temperament at the end of the Qing Dynasty. This article also compares Chinese temperament with temperaments of foreign countries. This article traces the theory on the issues concerning the reasons for national temperament. The article points out the historical significance and the limitation of the criticism on national temperament at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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On Academic Standadization ofTextual Research Studies in the Qing Dynasty GUO Kang-Song 1999, 0(3): 65-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   From the Qing Dynasty’s standard of academic demonstration and its application principle and standard in quotation, the article discusses the academic standardization of textual research studies in the Qing Dynasty. The article argues that the establishment of this academic standardization has fostered an upright academic moral standard for scholars, and has prevented the possibility of plagiarism, and in turn it has facilitated later researchers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of the teaching and management of the Huizhou Academy during the Qing Dynasty LI Lin-Qi 1999, 0(3): 70-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (386KB) ( )   Huihou, the original place for neo-Confucianism of Chen and Zhu, was famous for ites sophisticated education system. There were numerous academies in Huizhou during the Qing Dynasty. And Huizhou had its distinctive characteristics in teaching and management. This article conducts a comprehensive investigation on the syllabus and form, financial source and is commercial management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Zhi-dong and the Confucian Scholarism during the Late Period of the Qing Dynasty GONG Shu-Duo, HUANG Xing-Tao 1999, 0(3): 74-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1157KB) ( )   Zhang Zhidong was a man who had a great bearing on the Confucian Scholarism during the late period of the Qing Dynasty. He had held up the flag of “Tong Jing Zhi Yong” to promote the Confucian Scholarism, and then used the thought of “Zhong Ti Xi Yong” to defend the Confucianism. This paper will study Zhang Zhidong’s thought and activities about Confucianism, to show his individual character, and reveal the predicament and historic fate of the decline of the Confucianism Scholarism in his times. Related Articles | Metrics

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Special Role in the power struggle during the early Qing Dynasty －the relationship between Tang Ruowang and Emperor Shunzhi(Part I) YANG Zhen 1999, 0(3): 85-93.  Abstract ( )   PDF (962KB) ( )   The close relationship between Tang Ruowang and Emperor Shunzhi was conspicuous in the cultural exchange history between China and the West during the 17th century. Taking the internal power struggle in the royal court at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty as a whole, the article investigates the political and psychological attitude of Fan Wencheng, a famous statesman who introduced Tang Ruowang to Emperor Shunzhi, and Fan’s influence on Tang Ruowang. Related Articles | Metrics

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Taxation system in the area of Inner Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty YANG Xuan-Di 1999, 0(3): 94-98.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2672KB) ( )   During the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, with the stabilization of its ruling power over the country, in order to ensure its income from revenue, the feudal government promulgated a series of taxation laws in central china. And at the same time, taxation laws were also introduced in the area of Inner Mongolia and other frontier areas. This article conducts preliminary investigation on the taxation principles and contents and the basic levy and management on animal husbandry, agriculture, industry and commerce. Related Articles | Metrics

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Political organization "Ting"in Inner Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty WU Yun-Ge 1999, 0(3): 99-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (624KB) ( )   During the Qing Dynasty, as the migration of the Han people to Inner Mongolia continued, “Ting”, a equivalent to prefect and country in the interior regions, was established in Inner Mongolia. Through the investigation of the time, structure and function of the “Ting”, the article discusses the process of its establishment, from the beginning to its perfection, and its historic contribution. Related Articles | Metrics