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15 August 2002, Volume 0 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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An Introduction to the Law History of the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Jin-Fan 2002, 0(3): 17-25.  Abstract ( )   PDF (599KB) ( )   As the last dynasty of imperial China, the Qing not only surpassed the previous dynasties in the economic aspect, but also claimed a significant progress in the building of law system. Through examining the academic value, historical significance, and development of Qing’s law system in its different stages, this article intends to describe the rise and decline of Qing’s law system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Adjustment: Qing Government’s Law Building and its Historical Significance in Miao Territory XU Xiao-Guang 2002, 0(3): 26-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (456KB) ( )   The establishment and adjustment of law system in Miao territory is one of the most important part of Qing’s law building enterprise on frontiers. Through examining the development and change of law system on Miao territory, this article concludes that the building of law system was conducted at various administrative levels with different types. Furthermore, the law enforcement was flexible and effective. It signifies the success of Qing’s administrative control and law building on the non- Han frontiers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Family- Breaking and Property Inheritance: Law and Society in Shenxi in Daoguang and Guangxu Periods ZHANG Xiao-Ye 2002, 0(3): 36-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (497KB) ( )   During the Qing Dynasty, the inheritance disputes often took place when family property inheritance occurred. It becomes more critical with families without offsprings or when women’ s right were involved. Those inheritance disputes can be seen in great numbers in local officials’ daily administration, which contends the social development and the change of conception on one hand, and people’ s view on legal aid in lawsuit on the other. Since the written laws at that time were mainly criminal laws, the local officials often handled these civil lawsuits by referring to local customs and individual emotion. The law establishment was also an on- going process accompanying the social change, which represents the positive interaction between law and society. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time and Space: Different Choices over Tax Law between the Imperial China and the West ZHANG Shi-Ming 2002, 0(3): 48-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (778KB) ( )   This article consists of three sections. First, it intends to describe the similarities and differences over the taxation right, tax system, and other aspects between the imperial China and the West. Second, it examines the forces that caused the changes of taxation law and tax- collecting institutions in China and the west. Third, this article reviews the misunderstanding on studies of imperial China’s tax law and further explores the significance of the two tax systems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pedigree and Generation System of the Luo Sect and the “Mahayana” Sect: Study on the Origin of Green Gang’s Generation Characters KONG Xiang-Tao 2002, 0(3): 59-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )   The Green Gang’s generation system and the origin of its 24- generation- character are two unanswered issues in the studies of Green Gang. Likewise, such two issues are also vacant in the studies of Luo Sect and “Mahayana” Sect. Based on the Qing’s official archives and the Precious Volumes ( baojuan ), this article intends to answer those questions and furthermore offer clues to the origins and Pedigrees of other sects as Qinglian, Jindan and Yiguan Sects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Several Issues on the Sea Transportation of Tribute Grain in 1826 NI Yu-Ping 2002, 0(3): 70-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (430KB) ( )   The year of 1826 for the first time witnessed the sea transportation of Tribute Grain in Qing, which was also an important event in Daoguang period. Historians always credit it as a success. However, the author intends to demonstrate that the so- called success is still arguable because the data selection is rather questionable. This article attempts to reexamine the prevalent arguments, such as (a) “hiring merchants to accomplish the sea transportation,” (b) “reaching the same result through sea transportation as it had been done through Grand Canal,” (c) “being less costly through sea transportation.” Related Articles | Metrics

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Qing’s Conception of the Tribute System and the Change of its Frontier Policy WU Bao-Xiao 2002, 0(3): 76-83.  Abstract ( )   PDF (358KB) ( )   From the 1870s to the 1890s, under the pressure of foreign aggression, the Qing government changed its tribute policy within the established conceptions and institutions. It aimed to strengthen the tribute states in order to resist foreign intrusion. Different measures were adopted to reach the goal, such as reconsolidating Qing’s suzerainty over its tribute states. To transform Vietnam and Burma to be Qing’s buffer zones against the West was one of the outcomes Of the new policy. Qing’s new tribute policy was different from the Western imperialist expansionism because it aimed to restrengthen the national defense through peaceful means. Related Articles | Metrics

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The 1911 Revolution and Gongsennorbo BAI La-Du-Ge-Qi 2002, 0(3): 84-90.  Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Before 1911 Revolution, Gongsennorbo was famous for his great endeavors to introduce various self- strengthening measures to his jurisdiction. After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, he refused to accept the newly founded Republic and planned to prevent the Qing’s rulership from collapse. When he returned to his jurisdiction, he attempted to seek the independence and autonomy of the Inner- Mongolia. After his plan was aborted, he went to Beijing and served as the president of the Mongolia- Tibet Bureau. Meanwhile, he joined the Revolutionary Alliance and was elected director for the Nationalist Party. Considering the complicated situations under which Gongsennorbo lived and his activities during the Republican Revolution, he still could be credited as the enlightened and reformist ethnic upper class, though his “reactionary” and “separatist”activities should he criticized. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Academic Principle and Practices of the Han- Learning School during Qianlong and Jianqing Periods: Dai Zhen and Ruan Yuan HUANG Ai-Ping 2002, 0(3): 91-98.  Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   The Han- learning School emphasized to approach the meaning of Classic through textual studies. However, different Han- learning scholars applied this principle variously. This article intends to examine the difference between those scholars’ academic practice by focusing on Dai Zhen and Ruan Yuan. Dai and Ruan were different in their respective principle and practices. To study their similarity and difference could help us to understand the Han- learning School’s success and limits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prince Yunli and the Mongolian Version of Fuzang Scriptures NA Ren-Chao-Ge-Tu 2002, 0(3): 99-105.  Abstract ( )   PDF (322KB) ( )   This article mainly focuses on the life of Yunli, the seventeenth son of Emperor Kangxi. The author intends to introduce Yunli’ s cultural and political activities. Serving several important official positions in Qing’s court, Yunli was also a deep believer of the Tibetan Buddhism. He had collected and compiled a great number of Buddhist scriptures, among which the Ningma Sect’s Fuzang Scriptures was absolutely important. Yunli not only recruited many translators, but also joined such a translation enterprise by himself, which contributed to the spread and preservation of Buddhist culture in Mongolia. Related Articles | Metrics