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15 November 2002, Volume 0 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Examining Family Relationships in Ruzhui Marriage from the Angle of Zhuixu’ s Status: Based on Qing Dynasty Cases GUO Song-Yi 2002, 0(4): 1-7.  Abstract ( 1899 )   PDF (459KB) ( 3338 )   “Husband is the key link of the wife” ( Fu wei qi gang ) is a common statement in traditional Chinese society. This means that the husband has the dominant role in the family. But the man who married into and lived with the bride fami1y is a kind of variety in comparison with the normal family. This article uses the official archives of Qing Dynasty and other materials to investigate some related question about this social phenomenon, tries to fully understand this kind of marriage and the relationships within and between the families. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Investigation and Analysis of the Literary Form of the Documents of Division of Family Assets (Fenjia Wenshu) of Qing Dynasty Huizhou ZHANG Yan 2002, 0(4): 8-19.  Abstract ( 1253 )   PDF (535KB) ( 1850 )   By examining the writing pattern of “Huizhou Fenjia Wenshu”, this paper reveals that “Division of a Family” was the starting point of the family developing cycle in Chinese traditional society. The families of Ancient China kept a dynamic balance both in social status and in economic strength during the division process. The way of dividing equally for every sons had weakened the family but strengthened the patriarchal clan, let the small family became the firm knot of a clan net. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Power of the Grown Prince in Qing Dynasty YANG Zhen 2002, 0(4): 20-32.  Abstract ( 1151 )   PDF (502KB) ( 978 )   In correspondence with the historical process of emergence, development, gradual centralized intensification and rapid decline after reaching the highest point of the imperial power of the Qing Dynasty, the power of its crown prince has gone through from undetermined crown so no power of the crown prince, to a gradual progress of conferment of the crown prince, establishing his open power, then to diminishing and depriving the power, till confidential decision on the crown prince and the recessive power bestowed him, finally back to undetermined crown prince and no power. This complicated changes let the power of the crown prince of the Qing Dynasty has the distinctive feature which differentiate itself from that in other dynasties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Political Conflict and Cultural Estrangement: Perspectives on the Case of Yang Mingshi GUO Cheng-Kang 2002, 0(4): 33-48.  Abstract ( 1055 )   PDF (490KB) ( 1290 )   This article explores the Byzantine plot behind the Yang Mingshi case. It compares both official and popular biographies of Yang Mingshi in order to understand the political injustice that Yongzheng deliberately perpetrated, and also the Man- Han cultural conflict that served as the backdrop for this case. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Xinyou Coup d’Etat and Orthodox Thinking on Imperial Power: A Further Inquiry into the Reasons for the Success of Cixi’s Coup WANG Kai-Xi 2002, 0(4): 49-56.  Abstract ( 2238 )   PDF (567KB) ( 3218 )   In August 1861, the Emperor Xianfeng arranged “the funeral affairs” on his deathbed. This arrangement created a balance of power, but also set the stage for the subsequent power struggle. The provision of the imperial seal institutional1y ensured the preservation of imperial power and precluded the possibility of Su Shun and others forcing the new child emperor to do their bidding, but it also provided the opportunity for Ci Xi to grasp the highest power of Qing court. The numerous victories that Ci Xi won over Su Shun, such as obtaining the title of queen mother, were a result of her ability to control the imperial seal. Many ministers, literati and officials, who held orthodox ideas of imperial power, expressed widespread doubts over the legality and reliability of Su Shun and his supporters thereby assisting the child emperor. The orthodox idea of imperial power was the profoundly decisive reason that Ci Xi won victory in the coup. It not only influenced the people of that time but also has influenced some contemporary historians. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Explication of Qing Dynasty Stele Inscriptions from Ankang District on the Customary Law of River Transport SUN Li-Juan 2002, 0(4): 57-69.  Abstract ( 1355 )   PDF (2819KB) ( 1127 )   The river transportation in Ankang District was very busy in Qing Dynasty contributing greatly to the economic and cultural development in the region. Owing to the special geographical factors of Ankang the shipping of goods on the rivers was very risky. Accidents were frequent producing a large number of disputes. The customary law of river transport in the Ankang District emerged as the times demanded and filled in gaps in the law of Qing Dynasty. Inscriptions on the stone tablets for Ankang indicate that these customary laws were the first concrete set of regulations for settling disputes and that these regulations embodied some important principles as well as the spirit of modern maritime law. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Management, Distribution and Utilization of Water Resources in the Fuyang River Basin in the Qing Dynasty WANG Pei-Hua 2002, 0(4): 70-75.  Abstract ( 1228 )   Floodgates had been built to irrigate farmlands along the Fuyang River in the Qing Dynasty. Intense struggles over access and use of water among several counties in the region were common. Central and local governments played an important role to readjust administrative region, to promote unified management of water resources, and to set up a distribution system for irrigation.Together these measures enabled equitable utilization of water resources. The historical experience of the Fuyang River basin inspires hope for sustainable development of the economy and society of present day North China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Debates on Flood Control in the Lower Yellow River Basin from the Kangxi and Qianlong Periods WANG Ying-Hua 2002, 0(4): 76-85.  Abstract ( 973 )   PDF (474KB) ( 1085 )   After the floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River inundated the Huai River basin, the Xiahe area suffered from frequent flooding. Based on an analysis of historical documents, including official books, archives of Qing dynasty, and local gazetteers, this paper discusses two debates about flooding in the Xiahe area in the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns. The article finds that during the earlier debate government’ s decisions were influenced by such factors as the idea of employing persons, local interests, and infighting among political cliques. Only during the later debate were technological factors paramount. Related Articles | Metrics

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Manchu National Consciousness and Manchu Rule in China during the Qing Dynasty 欧Li-De , HUA Li 2002, 0(4): 86-93.  Abstract ( 1686 )   PDF (219KB) ( 1473 )   This article tries to explain the Manchu’s trait and its rulership over China by using the theory of race group. The author holds that the Qing Dynasty’ s keeping its rulership nearly 300 years is due to its adaptability to the Chinese political tradition and its ability to keep the special racial quality. The Manchu elite successfully maintained the national identity by depending on the Baqi organization. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Strategic Decisions of the Qing Army to Enter Tibet Twice during the Late Kangxi Period ZHAO Zhen 2002, 0(4): 94-103.  Abstract ( 1886 )   PDF (602KB) ( 1505 )   In an effort to drive the Zungars out of the region, the Qing Government twice sent armies to Tibet during the closing years of Kangxi reign. After the failure of the first effort the Kangxi emperor learned some valuable lessons. At the time of the second march Kangxi took advantage of the power of Qinghai Mongolia and their political influence in Tibet, and obtained their assistance. At the same time, Emperor Kangxi employed political measures, such as supporting the Dalai Lama in Kumbum Monastery and obtaining the support of Mongolian and Tibetan people.Together these measures allowed the Qing to isolate and undermine Zungar power in Tibet thoroughly. Entering Tibet with local support resulted in the Emperor Kangxi achieving direct control over Tibet. Related Articles | Metrics