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15 February 2015, Volume 0 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Late Traditional Chinese Civilization in Motion，1400-1900 Benjiamin A. Elman 2015, 0(1): 1-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1532KB) ( )   This article examines the civil service examinations and its evolvement and transmission in the late imperial China．It argues that civil examinations in late imperial China marked the most traveled and political intersections between politics，society，economy，and intellectual life，and enabled the social and cultural reproduction in the pre-modern China．It goes on exploring the demise of the traditional learning and its replacement by the modern schools and shows the complexity in this series of historical events．The end of the imperial civil examination also meant the unraveling of the social，political，and cultural nexus of classical literati values，elite status and Chinese dynastic imperial power． Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in Civil Administration during the Qianlong-Jiaqing Ｒeigns and Its Academic Influence LUO Jianqiu 2015, 0(1): 14-26.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )   During the Qianlong-Jiaqing reigns，Han Learning was flourishing，and textual research in Confucian classics and history became popular among scholars．However，the academic differences between the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns are worthy of our attention． After the early years of the Jiaqing reign，There was a revival of Song Learning and Confucian statecraft tradition，and Han-Song syncretism became the academic mainstream．These Changes were closely related to the civil administration in the QianlongJiaqing reigns． By exploring the causation and influence of the changes，this article aims to further elaborate the academic evolution in the mid-Qing． Related Articles | Metrics

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Daoism and Local Cults in Early Qing Suzhou: A Case Study of Qionglongshan Vincent Goossaert 2015, 0(1): 27-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1517KB) ( )   The richly documented life of Shi Daoyuan( 1617 1678) provides a unique case study of the relationship between elite Daoist institutions and local cults，particularly spirit-medium cults． The article discusses current research on this topic before introducing Shi and the sources for his dealings with local cults，notably the Wutong． Shi was often called by members of the local elites in Suzhou to perform exorcisms． In this process，Shi not only employed martial gods from the classical Daoist thunder rites traditions，but also incorporated local gods into his pantheon． As a result，ambivalent gods such as the Wutong were to some extent tamed and made more acceptable． Such a process developed over the long term; present fieldwork shows that the Wutong are still partly marginal but have been nonetheless quite thoroughly integrated within mainstream Daoism． Related Articles | Metrics

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Sandalwood: An Important International Trade Goods before the Mid-Qing Period GUO Weidong 2015, 0(1): 39-51.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1525KB) ( )   Sandalwood has been a rare and expensive wood since ancient times，belonging to the ancient international trade in goods． After 1500，sandalwood became an important commodity in international transaction．But the major traders for this oriental product were Westerners，Portuguese，Dutch，British，and later the Americans，who shipped bulk of the world sandalwood supply to Ming and Qing China． In the mid Qing Dynasty，the sandalwood trade gradually faded due to the destructive cutting of this precious wood in many of its producing places all over the world． Related Articles | Metrics

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Languages of Early and Middle Period in Qing Dynasty and History of World Linguistics LIU Ruomei 2015, 0(1): 52-60.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1460KB) ( )   During the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty，with the entry of Catholic missionaries Europeans gained a better understanding of China． With the development of European academic research，China including its politics economics，culture were coming into the European s purview． Meanwhile，the languages of Qing Dynasty attracted the attention of European linguists in this period． The languages of the early and middle period of the Qing Dynasty the European missionaries and the Ｒussian businessmen in china transmitted their knowledge to European scholars，leaving a deep imprint on the development of the world linguistics． After the Ｒussian Tsar，Peter I，had introduced European science and thought into Ｒussia，the St． Petersburg Academy of Sciences created a favorable environment for the European scholars．St. Petersburg also became the testing ground for European scientific and cultural achievements，where the languages of the early and middle period in Qing Dynasty entered the history of world linguistics in this period． Related Articles | Metrics

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The Vicissitudes of Yuanming Yuan: Focus on Choson Envoys Mission to Beijing SON Sungwook 2015, 0(1): 61-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   This paper examines Choson envoys experiences of the Yuanming Yuan to explain their views of Qing dynasty． Choson envoys had not previously experienced the type of ritual activity they found in the Yuanming Yuan． Ｒelying on Confucian ideas and their own cultural self-identity as Little China they assumed the Yuanming Yuan was as an entertainment garden for Qing emperors such as Epang Palace．But，as Choson envoys began to participate in the ritual activities at the Yuanming Yuan after 1782，they saw the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty manifested in the Yuanming Yuan． Their views of the palace also changed from negative to positive．However，in October 1860，British and French troops destroyed the Yuanming Yuan．Thus，the image of the Yuanming Yuan changed from the prosperity of Qing Dynasty to the symbol of its decline in the eyes of Choson envoys． Related Articles | Metrics

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Charity and Misgovernment: Responses to the Problem of Homicide Case Autopsies in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces during the Qing Dynasty HUANG Hongshan 2015, 0(1): 70-89.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1579KB) ( )   The phenomenon of blackmailing and extortion of expenses involving the judicial procedures for homicide case autopsies developed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces during the Qing Dynasty．These malpractices created such a heavy burden and great distress for local society that it became a serious social problem． In view of this，the central and local government took countermeasures but failed to remedy the situation due to the multiple legal，financial and administrative causes that gave rise to the problem．Therefore the local society was forced to set up charities to handle the related issues and to raise the funds for autopsies，in an attempt to reduce the negative impacts of homicide case autopsy to obtain the desired results．This was an important reason for the prosperity of charities which supplied coffins and held funerals． From this process，we can attain a deeper understanding of the modern legal reform and the rich＇s motives for charitable donations． Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconsidering the Ages of Officials in the Qing dynasty:A Case Study of the Conflicting Age Entries in Different Imperial Civil Examination Papers LU Xiaojun 2015, 0(1): 90-101.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1487KB) ( )   Comparing 154 examinees found inthe Zhujuan Collection of Qing Dynasty whose ages were different than that recorded in The Curriculum Vitae Collection of Officials in Qing Dynasty，we can make the following conclusions． The mainstream trend in Qing Dynasty was to list your age as younger． The year of birth was usually confirmed in the metropolitan examination，but only a few officials gave their correct age． The gap between official ages and authentic ages was ordinarily three to six years，but seven to ten year differences were common too． The older age in different Zhujuan was normally the most credible.So we should believe the older age when there is no other strong evidence about the official s age． Related Articles | Metrics

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Early Precious Scrolls are Not the White Lotus texts——A Research on the Precious Scrolls quoted in the Wubu Liuce HOU Chong 2015, 0(1): 102-108+132.  Abstract ( )   PDF (8192KB) ( )   The articleA New Ｒesearch on the Precious Scrollswritten by Li Shiyu was a respond to Zheng Zhenduo s argument on the Buddhist nature of such texts．However，Li was wrong when he argued that the Precious Scrolls are religious texts of the White Lotus Teachings．A closer study of the extant earlier Precious Scrolls quoted inWubu Liuceby Patriarch Luo would reveal their connections with the Buddhist rituals．By placing Precious Scrolls in the liturgical background of Buddhist offering，or Zhaigong，the author also tries to add into a new perspective to the studies of Chinese popular religious texts． Related Articles | Metrics

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Dating and Identifying the Sectarian Sources: Jiu － lian Sutra and San-sha Jie-gui Sutra WANG Chienchuan 2015, 0(1): 109-117.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7637KB) ( )   The increasingly available sources of Ming and Qing popular religions dramatically changed the research field in recent years because of the publication of large number of archives and scriptures．Collection of Sawada Mizuho of the Waseda University and part of Lin Hanzhang collection of the Taiwan Museum of World Ｒeligions，for instance，are freely accessible online.But to date and indentify a popular religious text，particularly a sectarian scripture，could be extremely difficult． The author uses the well-known Jiu-lian Sutra and the San-sha Jie-gui Sutra as examples to show the controversial nature of the extant popular religious texts． Related Articles | Metrics

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Newly Discovered Scriptures in the 1475 Forbidden Book List and Their Connection with the White Lotus Movement CAO Xinyu 2015, 0(1): 118-125.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1447KB) ( )   In 2013 I published a collection of folk religious texts including 4 scriptures in the notorious 1475 forbidden book list issued by the Ming court． This list has been long considered important to reconstruct the early folk religious movement，or popular sects collectively known as White Lotus movement． Because of the scarcity of folk religious texts，especially for those seditious books before 1500，Prof．Wang Chienchuan points out，by using another example of two versions the extantSansha Jiegui Sutrawhose name was also found in the 1475 list，that changes in the folk texts are commonplace and indentifying and dating these texts were necessary before using them as historical sources．But this paper argues that the Sansha Jiegui Sutra could be actually better understood in the context of the 1475 forbidden books．The earlier version of Sansha Jiegui Sutra conforms very well with other recently published texts． Related Articles | Metrics

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Turpan’s Welfare House in late Qing Dynasty ZHAO Yi 2015, 0(1): 126-132.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1446KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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A Textual Study of the Peking Officials Allowance in 1884 HAN Jishi 2015, 0(1): 133-138.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1377KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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How did LiBingheng Become the Chief Culprit of the Boxer Movement ZHAO Yipeng 2015, 0(1): 139-143.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1359KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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In Commemoration of Professor Wang Sizhi ZHU Chengru 2015, 0(1): 144-145.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1311KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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In Commemoration of Professor Wang Sizhi GUO Songyi 2015, 0(1): 146-147.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1310KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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In Commemoration of Professor Wang Sizhi QU Lindong 2015, 0(1): 148-150.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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In Commemoration of Professor Wang Sizhi HAO Zhiqing 2015, 0(1): 151-153.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1322KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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In Commemoration of Professor Wang Sizhi WANG Junyi 2015, 0(1): 154-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics