关键词: 清朝, 多语文, 合璧书写, 内亚性, 国家认同

Abstract: American scholars of “New Qing History” regard multilingual composition as one of the characteristics of the “Inner-Asianess,” that distinguished the Qing Dynasty from a traditional “Central Plains Dynasty." There are biases and inaccuracies in this point of view, and it does not completely conform to historical logic and facts. First, to a considerable extent, the multi-lingual composition of the Qing Dynasty was the inheritance and development of the political and cultural heritage of the Ming Dynasty, rather than a unique phenomenon of Inner Asia. Secondly, the main motive for the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to advocate the multi-lingual writing was to maintain the governance of a multinational country, rather than to sustain their “Inner-Asianess.” Thirdly, the Qing rulers considered themselves as orthodox in the Central Plain and by using multi-lingual composition, they rebuilt the “an order of shared literacy", which took the Confucianism as the core. In this way, the Qing Dynasty made the transition from Manchurian regime to a great national unity and became a part of Chinese history.

Key words: Qing Dynasty, multilingual composition, Inner-Asianess, national identity