关键词: 中枢机构, 军机处, 满伴, 军机章京

Abstract: The Grand Council, as the central organization of the Qing Empire, had played an important role in the development of imperial politics since the mid-Qing. The Manchu Division (Man-ban，满伴）was a common term in the documents of the Grand Council，but scholars have paid little attention to this group. We do not know when it began, nor can we be sure of its personnel and duties. In this essay, the author argues that the Manchu Division was composed of Grand Council clerks, especially the Duty Secretaries值班章京.The officials of the Grand Council usually called them“Manchu old gentlemen”满老先生or Man-ban满班.Manchu Division might refer to Chinese language ban and Manchu language gaksi that was a new term created after the mid-Qianlong period. The appearance and popularity of the Manchu Division marked the maturation of internal mechanisms in the Grand Council.The emperor kept a balance between the Manchu and Chinese clerks by various devices. From the mid-nineteenth century, alienation grew between Manchu and Chinese clerks. Consequently, the Central Organization became rigid, and the political ecosystem finally collapsed completely.

Key words: central organization, Grand Council, Man-ban, Grand Council clerks