关键词: 副署, 军机大臣, 责任

Abstract: The countersignature system originated in the West and was an important part of there responsibility cabinet system. The countersignature system was first discussed and planned during the late Qing Dynasty, although it was compared to the countersignature system of the Grand Council in the Qianlong years, it was still a Western-inspired reform. However, after successive discussions and trade-offs, the countersignature system and the responsible cabinet were separated before the final implementation. Taking advantage of Prince Chun's regency, the Grand Council's counter signature system was promulgated. As for the purpose and definition of the change, there was no expressed explanation. After Pandora's Box was opened, a series of political trends and disputes followed.

Key words: countersignature, Grand Council, responsibility