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15 May 2010, Volume 0 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on Chinese Famine Relief Books Published before the 20th Century XIA Ming-Fang 2010, 0(2): 21-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1074KB) ( )   This paper was originally written as the preface of Zhong guo huang zheng shu ji cheng ［Collection of Chinese Famine Relief Books］(Tianjin Guji Chubanshe 2010) and is slightly revised. The author makes a new definition for the“Famine Relief Books”by thoroughly examining the complete catalogue of the Famine Relief Books before the 20th century. The compilation and the evolution of Chinese Famine Relief Books is also systematically combed and may be taken as a reference for the historical study of Chinese famine relief policy and tradition. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Discussion of Angus Maddison’ Estimates of Pre-Modern China’s GDP in View of an Marcoanalysis of China’s Aggregate Economy from 1600 to 1840 LIU Ti 2010, 0(2): 48-55.  Abstract ( )   PDF (504KB) ( )   This essay analyzes the statistics and methods that Angus Maddison used to analyze pre-modern China's GDP. The author finds the overall estimate sketchy with many inadequacies in the statistical methodology，and even some obviously self-contradictory points. Maddison believes that from 1500 to 1820 China's per capita GDP was equivalent to ＄ 600 in 1990 US dollars; the author believes that this overestimates the true figure by 50%—90%. With regard to China's proportion in the world economy，Maddison overestimates China's position by about a third. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rent-seeking in Mining Management during the Qianlong Era:A Study of Examples from Southeastern Hunan HE Xi 2010, 0(2): 56-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (393KB) ( )   This paper examines mining management in Chenzhou and Guiyang prefectures in eastern Hunan，discussing the conflicts between government officials and merchants as well as provincial and prefectural officials over the rights to manage mines. The essay argues that the government's conception of trade was heavily influenced by ideas of“rent seeking”and it was this objective，rather than the development of the mines，which drove changes in government policy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Name and Nature of Towns in the Qing Dynasty ZOU Yi-Lin 2010, 0(2): 65-72.  Abstract ( )   PDF (368KB) ( )   There are Town entries under every county record in Qingguoshi dilizhi and Qingshigao dilizhi. These entries do not follow strict standards. Actually，Town in the Qing Dynasty was not an institutional part of local management or an imposition for tax purposes. Settlements with concentrated population and flourishing trade were usually named towns. Some towns had institutional local security below counties，such as Xunjiansi (Patrol Office)，but Xunjiansi did not always located in places named towns. So，entries of town in the Qing Document should not be understood as a level of administration，and the so called boundary of towns was the area patrolled by the Xunjiansi seated there. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Adjustment and Change of Administrative Divisions in Northern Anhui Province during the Qing Dynasty CHEN Ye-Xin 2010, 0(2): 73-85.  Abstract ( )   PDF (786KB) ( )   In the Qing dynasty， the adjustment of administrative divisions in northern Anhui province revised the administration structure between independent departments subordinated to the province and prefectures，increasing and decreasing the number of counties，and transferring secondary officers outside the departments. In the Yongzheng period，the jurisdiction of Fengyang prefecture encompassed such a vast area，with a large population，remote from the ruling center that it was difficult to carry out effective administration，that that it was divided into four independent departments province and Yingzhou prefecture was divided into Shouzhou and Fengtai County established because of high homicide rate and unruliness in the broader area. During the Qianlong reign，because flood damaged the city and other factors，part of Linhuai County became Fengyang County，Hong County was dissolved and combined into Sizhou，and Sizhou was placed under Hong City’s administration. During the Tongzhi reign，in order to deal with problems arising from the rich earth，bold people，the disorder of the Nian Rebellion，and other factors，the Qing government took four departments and counties from Mengcheng and established Guoyang County. Meanwhile，in order to enhance control，the Qing government assigned secondary officers in addition to those in the original jurisdiction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Special Characteristics of the Tribute System in the Early Qing CHEN Shang-Sheng 2010, 0(2): 86-94.  Abstract ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   In response to the adverse views of the Tribute System that some scholars have advanced，this essay examines the original purpose of the Tribute System at the time when the Qing Dynasty was building political relationships with foreign countries. The Qing Dynasty instituted the Tribute System with the obvious intention of seeking her own security and stability in border areas. Compared with the Ming Dynasty，the Qing Dynasty abandoned the political ideal of playing the role of“emperor of the whole world”overseas，as conceived by Ming Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang) and Ming Chengzu (Zhu Di). Instead，the Qing Dynasty concentrated much more on its own stability and security in border areas when dealing with foreign affairs. The Tribute System of the Qing Dynasty emphasized the frontier defense system. Reflecting their political interests，the Qing rulers preferred institutional arrangements for tributary affairs，the Ministry of Rites and The Court of Colonial Affairs ( Lifan yuan)，took charge of neighboring countries’tributary affairs. To a certain extent，these arrangements were relevant to different national characteristics，and this reflected the relevance and flexibility of the Qing Dynasty in dealing with foreign affairs. Related Articles | Metrics

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From the Pursuit of Traditional Confucian Values to the Reform of Confucian Fundamentals:The Relationship between New Texts School and Cheng-Zhu Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Zhao-Jun 2010, 0(2): 95-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )   From the standpoint of intellectual history，the shift form the mainstream Cheng-Zhu Confucianism to New Texts Confucianism was significant. Zhuang Cunyu，Liu Fenglu and Song Xiangfeng believed in the New Texts，but did not object to Cheng-Zhu Confucianism. Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan were advocates of Statecraft， but， though not satisfied with Cheng-Zhu Confucianism，though they did not oppose it. Dai Wang，Wang Kaiyun and Liao Ping clearly supported Cheng-Zhu Confucianism. Kang Youwei's scholarship diverged from Cheng-Zhu Confucianism. Kang annotated the Four Books based on the Western learning in order to develop and improve Cheng-Zhu Confucianism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lü Bicheng and the International Vegetarian Movement in Modern China FAN Chun-Wu 2010, 0(2): 105-113.  Abstract ( )   PDF (414KB) ( )   Lü Bicheng was a very special woman and a gifted writer in the Late Qing and Early Republican period. The previous scholarships on Lü found her as a poet and an advocate for women's education. This paper goes on to analyze the neglected aspect of her religious life and her influences on the Modern Chinese Buddhist movement. By introducing the international vegetarian movement and animal protection groups in 1930—40's China，Lü helped to bring together the lay Buddhist vegetarian groups and the animal protection movement，consequently promoting the adaptation of international animal protection ideas among the Chinese lay Buddhist activists. Related Articles | Metrics