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15 February 1998, Volume 0 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Yongzheng’s Secret Edicts-A Preliminary Analysis GUO Cheng-Kang 1998, 0(1): 1-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3337KB) ( )   Together with Ming Taitu’s abolition of the Secretariat(1380), the establishment of the grand council in the Yongzheng era might be regarder as major political event in Late Imperial China. Former researchers have above all put forth the North-Weatern military campaign of the Yongzheng emperor as main reason for the establishment of the Grand Council. From a somechow different perspective, this article tries, by means of a thorough analysis in which the evolution of the memorial system and the emperor’s secret memorials is given its due account, to throw new light on the origins of the Grand Council and on the reasons that led to its establishment. Related Articles | Metrics

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A General Aanalysis of the Frontiers of the Early Qing Dynasty CHENG Chong-De 1998, 0(1): 14-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3477KB) ( )   In the eighteenth century, the Qing government unified the border regions of the Chinese empire. The unification was preceded by long-term endeavours, initiated in the seventeenth century, to implement policies that would allow the administration of these areas to be highly effective. Broadly speaking, these policies mainly regarder the diffence, the minorities and the development of the frontier regions. The article presents and discusses systematically these three major policy topics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in the Instrument of Taxation in the Qing Dynasty HE Ping 1998, 0(1): 28-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3197KB) ( )   This essay examines the content and practice of some important methods of taxation during the Qing dynasty, such as “yi zhi you dan” “jie piao” and “gun dan”. Analyzing the conditions under which various means of taxation were implemented and the reasons for their changes, the author believes that no matter how the Qing government improved the method of taxation, it could not realize the goals of its taxation policy. Overall social conditions, rather than tax administration, determined whether or not taxes were paid in full. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Exploration of Piracy in Cuangdong During the Late Qianling and Jiaqing Reigns LIU Ping 1998, 0(1): 39-49.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3269KB) ( )   The combination of the pursuit of economic gain by impoverishd fishermen’s and social change led to the rise and fall of piracy in Guangdong province. The downfall of the Tayson regime in Viet Nam, which had provided support for the pirates, was the turning point in the history of Guangdong piracy. After Tayson’s failure, Guangdong pirates formed a powerful alliance on their own, and dominated trade and shipping along the entire Guangdong coast. The Qing government was powerless to intervene, and piracy greatly endangered the coastal population. Ultimately, the interaction of external and internal factors caused the surrender and extermination of the pirates. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Relationship between Cui Shu’s Textual Research and Han Learning in the Qing Dynast SHAO Dong-Fang 1998, 0(1): 50-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3063KB) ( )   Cui Shu was a scholar of textual criticism during the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns who did not share his work with the broader scholarly community. Comparing the similarities and differences in research methodology and academic thought between Cui Shu and Han scholars, the author concludes that Cui Shu was not a typical representative of Qing dynasty textual research and that his ideas should not be carelessly included under the rubric of Han Learning. Cui Shu carried on Zhu Xi’s tradition of textual criticism but his method did not mark a significant departure from the Song approach to textual criticism. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Anchievements in Chinese Historiography During the Eighteenth Century LUO Bing-Liang 1998, 0(1): 60-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2853KB) ( )   Taking Zhang Xuecheng as an example, the author examines new achievements in Chinese historiography during the eighteenth century. The article finds that eighteenth-century historiography tended to summarize previous historical writings. This included Zhang Xuecheng’s work on historical theory, and the School of Textual Criticism’s critical appraisal of Chinese historical materials and documents. These two aspects of historical research constituted the two major trends and achievements in the development of eighteenth-century historiography. In the author’s opinion, although Zhang Xuecheng did not gain recognition in his own lifetime, his work influenced Liu Zhiji and Zheng Qiao and inspired the later practice of historical theory research. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Historical Condition of Early Chinese Modernization As Seen from a Cluster of Natural Disasters in the late Qing XIA Ming-Fang 1998, 0(1): 70-82.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3361KB) ( )   This article is the first in a series of the author’s research on famine and the Yangwu Movement, stressing the conditions of natural disasters in China during the era of the Yangwu Movement, their special characteristics and origins. In the author;s opinion, during the period of the Yangwu Movement from 1861-1895, China experienced a sudden and serious deterioration of the ecological environment, which resulted from both natural and social causes. These disasters caused enormous losses for the entire society. Thus, it is important to consider natural disasters when investigating the failure of the Yangwu Movement. Related Articles | Metrics